ArticleHealth economics2015
Self-Employment and Health: Barriers or Benefits?
Article in Health economics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Occurrence of Mental Illness and Mental Health Risks among the Self-Employed: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- How Do Self-Employed Workers Navigate Illness? A Gender-Based Analysis of Informal Support Systems.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The association between self-employed workers' risk perception and use of preventive occupational physician care.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Factors influencing health service utilisation among older adults in the Tamale metropolis: a cross-sectional study based on Andersen's behavioural model.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional analysis of the association between self-employment, racial and ethnic minority status, sex and cardiovascular disease risk factors among a nationally representative sample.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Working Conditions in Complementary and Integrative Healthcare Professions.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Multimorbidity on Labor Force Participation Among the Middle-Aged and Older Working Population in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Contraceptive Use in Two African Countries: Examining Conflicting Pressures on Women.Population and development review · 2024Article
- Examining the health and wellness of solo self-employed workers through narratives of precarity: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The role of informal support systems during illness: A qualitative study of solo self-employed workers in Ontario, Canada.PloS one · 2024Article
- Self-Employment, Working Hours, and Hypertension by Race/Ethnicity in the USA.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- General health and working conditions of Flemish primary care professionals.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- The impact of self-employment on mental health of the younger elderly in China.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Self-employment, illness, and the social security system: a qualitative study of the experiences of solo self-employed workers in Ontario, Canada.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Will Working Longer Enhance the Health of Older Adults? A Pooled Analysis of Repeated Cross-sectional Data in Japan.Journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Digital literacy and farmers' entrepreneurial behavior-Empirical analysis based on CHFS2019 micro data.PloS one · 2023Article
- What Are the Recipes of an Entrepreneur's Subjective Well-Being? A Fuzzy-Set Approach for China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exploring the relationship between self-employment and women's cardiovascular health.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- The Impact of Self-Employment on the Health of Migrant Workers: Evidence from China Migrants Dynamic Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The self-employed are often reported to be healthier than wageworkers; however, the cause of this health difference is largely unknown. The longitudinal nature of the US Health and Retirement Study allows us to gauge the plausibility of two competing explanations for this difference: a contextual effect of self-employment on health (benefit effect), or a health-related selection of individuals into self-employment (barrier effect). Our main finding is that the selection of comparatively healthier individuals into self-employment accounts for the positive cross-sectional difference. The results rule out a positive contextual effect of self-employment on health, and we present tentative evidence that, if anything, engaging in self-employment is bad for one's health. Given the importance of the self-employed in the economy, these findings contribute to our understanding of the vitality of the labor force. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.