Trial reportJournal of neuro-oncology2014
Risk factors for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with brain metastases who have previously undergone stereotactic radiosurgery.
Trial report in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2020Pooled it
- Patterns of Recurrence After Postoperative Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases.Cancers · 2025Article
- The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Genomic alterations associated with postoperative nodular leptomeningeal disease after resection of brain metastases.Journal of neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Management Paradigm of Central Nervous System Metastases in NSCLC: An Australian Perspective.JTO clinical and research reports · 2023Review
- Identification of risk factors associated with leptomeningeal disease after resection of brain metastases.Journal of neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Single-cell sequencing reveals the landscape of the human brain metastatic microenvironment.Communications biology · 2023Article
- What if: A retrospective reconstruction of resection cavity stereotactic radiosurgery to mimic neoadjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Use of comprehensive genomic profiling for biomarker discovery for the management of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Surgical and anatomic factors predict development of leptomeningeal disease in patients with melanoma brain metastases.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Brain metastases: An update on the multi-disciplinary approach of clinical management.Neuro-Chirurgie · 2022Review
- Successful salvage of recurrent leptomeningeal disease in large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer with stereotactic radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2021Article
- Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and breast cancer: a systematic review of current evidence on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.Drugs in context · 2021Review
- Review
- Nodular Leptomeningeal Disease-A Distinct Pattern of Recurrence After Postresection Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: A Multi-institutional Study of Interobserver Reliability.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2020Article
- Predictors of leptomeningeal disease following hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for intact and resected brain metastases.Neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Stereotactic Cavity Irradiation or Whole-Brain Radiotherapy Following Brain Metastases Resection-Outcome, Prognostic Factors, and Recurrence Patterns.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Immunotherapy is associated with improved survival and decreased neurologic death after SRS for brain metastases from lung and melanoma primaries.Neuro-oncology practice · 2019Article
- A multi-institutional analysis of presentation and outcomes for leptomeningeal disease recurrence after surgical resection and radiosurgery for brain metastases.Neuro-oncology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Our objective was to explore the hypothesis that the risk of leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) in patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases is influenced by the site of the primary cancer, the addition of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), surgical resection, and control over their systemic disease. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 805 patients who were treated with SRS for brain metastases between 1999 and 2012 at the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, and excluded all patients with evidence of LMD before SRS. The primary outcome was LMD. Forty-nine of 795 patients developed LMD with a cumulative incidence of 6.2% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 4.7-8.0). Median time from SRS to LMD was 7.4 months (Interquartile Range (IQR), 3.3-15.4). A colorectal primary site (Hazard Ratio (HR), 4.5; 95% CI 2.5-8.0; p < 0.0001), distant brain failure (HR, 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.2; p = 0.007), breast primary site (HR, 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.7; p = 0.05), the number of intracranial metastases at time of initial SRS (HR, 1.1; 95% CI 1.0-1.2; p = 0.02), and age (by 5-year interval) (HR, 0.9; 95% CI 0.8, 0.9; p = 0.0006) were independent factors associated with LMD. There was no evidence that surgical resection before SRS altered the risk of LMD (HR, 1.1; 95 % CI 0.6-2.0, p = 0.78). In patients who underwent SRS for brain metastases, a colorectal or breast primary site, distant brain failure, younger age, and an increased number of intracranial metastases were independently associated with LMD. Given its relative rarity as an outcome, multi-institutional prospective studies will likely be necessary to validate and quantify these relationships.
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