ArticleHormones & cancer2014
The association of reproductive and lifestyle factors with a score of multiple endogenous hormones.
Article in Hormones & cancer, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighborhood walkability and sex steroid hormone levels in women.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Determinants of attained estradiol levels in response to oral estradiol plus progesterone therapy.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2021Trial
- Factors Associated With Serum Estradiol Levels Among Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Therapy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Trial
- The joint and interactive effects of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and body mass index on the risk of depression, as well as the mediating role of NHHR: results from NHANES 2005-2023.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Reduction in the Free Androgen Index in Overweight Women After Sixty Days of a Low Glycemic Diet.Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association · 2024Article
- Alcohol and oestrogen metabolites in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.British journal of cancer · 2018Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe recently reported that high levels of multiple sex and growth hormones were associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Limited research has explored the relationship between reproductive, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors and levels of multiple hormones simultaneously.
methodsThis cross-sectional analysis included 738 postmenopausal Nurses' Health Study participants who were controls in a breast cancer nested case-control study and had measured levels of estrone, estradiol, estrone sulfate, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). A score was created by summing the number of hormones a woman had above (below for SHBG) each hormone's age-adjusted geometric mean. The association between lifestyle, anthropometric, and reproductive exposures and the score was assessed using generalized linear models.
resultsThe hormone score ranged from 0 to 8 with a mean of 4.0 (standard deviation = 2.2). Body mass index (BMI) and alcohol consumption at blood draw were positively associated with the hormone score: a 5 unit increase in BMI was associated with a 0.79 (95%CI: 0.63, 0.95) unit increase in the score (p < 0.0001) and each 15 g/day increase in alcohol consumption was associated with a 0.41 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.63) unit increase in the score (p = 0.0004). Family history of breast cancer, age at menarche, and physical activity were not associated with the score.
conclusionsReproductive breast cancer risk factors were not associated with elevated levels of multiple endogenous hormones, whereas anthropometric and lifestyle factors, particularly BMI and alcohol consumption, tended to be associated with higher levels of multiple hormones.
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