Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25047912›Full record

ArticlePloS one2014

Phylogeography of Bacillus anthracis in the country of Georgia shows evidence of population structuring and is dissimilar to other regional genotypes.

Ekaterine Khmaladze, Dawn N Birdsell, Amber A Naumann, Christian B Hochhalter, Meagan L Seymour, Roxanne Nottingham, Stephen M Beckstrom-Sternberg, James Beckstrom-Sternberg, Mikeljon P Nikolich, Gvantsa Chanturia and 20 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  2. Frontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Predicting the Geographic Distribution of theThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

30 authors.

Ekaterine KhmaladzeNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Dawn N BirdsellCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Amber A NaumannCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Christian B HochhalterCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Meagan L SeymourCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Roxanne NottinghamCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Stephen M Beckstrom-SternbergCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
James Beckstrom-SternbergCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Mikeljon P NikolichWalter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.
Gvantsa ChanturiaNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Ekaterine ZhgentiNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Mariam ZakalashviliNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Lile MalaniaNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Giorgi BabuadzeNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Nikoloz TsertsvadzeNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Natalia AbazashviliNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Merab KekelidzeNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Shota TsanavaNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Paata ImnadzeNational Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia; Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Holly H GanzDepartment Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Wayne M GetzDepartment Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Ofori PearsonUS Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America.
Pawel GajerInstitute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Mark EppingerInstitute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America; University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America.
Jacques RavelInstitute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
David M WagnerCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Richard T OkinakaCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
James M SchuppCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Paul KeimCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.
Talima PearsonCenter for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America.

Funding

The ecology of environmentally maintained episodic anthrax in Esotha, NamibiaR01GM083863 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI GETZ, WAYNE M · 2008 to 2011
$1.7M
NIGMS NIH HHS GM083863NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM083863
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sequence analyses and subtyping of Bacillus anthracis strains from Georgia reveal a single distinct lineage (Aust94) that is ecologically established. Phylogeographic analysis and comparisons to a global collection reveals a clade that is mostly restricted to Georgia. Within this clade, many groups are found around the country, however at least one subclade is only found in the eastern part. This pattern suggests that dispersal into and out of Georgia has been rare and despite historical dispersion within the country, for at least for one lineage, current spread is limited.

Indexed as

AnthraxBacillus anthracisGeorgiaHumansPhylogenyPhylogeographyPolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID25047912
PMCPMC4105404

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.