ArticlePloS one2014
Female sex is associated with worse prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in China.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-disaggregated data in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a targeted literature review, meta-analysis and primary cohort study.Open heart · 2026Pooled it
- Is There a Sex Difference in the Prognosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Characteristics and Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From the REVEAL-HCM Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Observational
- Prognostic factors for cardiovascular-related mortality in pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a retrospective cohort study with survival analysis and X-tile stratification.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Surgery: Insights From a Decade-Long Cohort Study From China.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Mexican Registry of Cardiomyopathies: baseline data, diagnostic strategies, and treatment approaches in Mexico.Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico · 2024Observational
- Sex-Related Differences in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Undergoing Alcohol Septal Ablation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Disease features and management of cardiomyopathies in women.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy inThe journal of cardiovascular aging · 2024Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in clinical outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Long term mortality in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - A Danish nationwide study.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2023Article
- Sex-related differences in left ventricular remodeling and outcome after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Comparison of mortality and cause of death between adults with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Periprocedural, Short-Term, and Long-Term Outcomes of Alcohol Septal Ablation in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: A 20-Year Single-Center Experience.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Observational
- Gender Related Differences in the Clinical Presentation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-An Analysis from the SILICOFCM Database.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Age-related sex differences in the outcomes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.PloS one · 2022Article
- Preoperative myocardial fibrosis is associated with worse survival after alcohol septal ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A delayed enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Time-Dependent Changes in B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.Circulation reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSex plays an important role in the clinical expression and prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to observe the effects of sex on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). METHODS AND
resultsA total of 621 unrelated patients with HCM without heart failure (460 males) were enrolled from 1999 to 2011. Compared to male patients, at baseline female patients were older at diagnosis (49.6±17.2 years vs. 46.7±14.4 years, P = 0.033), and had greater frequency of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (72/161, 44.7% vs. 149/460, 32.4%, P = 0.005). During the average four year follow-up period (range 2-7 years), survival analysis showed that the incidences of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular death and progression to chronic heart failure were greater in women than in men (P = 0.031, 0.040 and 0.012, respectively). After adjustment for multiple factors that may confound survival and cardiac function, female sex remained an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, and chronic heart failure [hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-3.95, P = 0.010; HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.17-4.09, P = 0.014; HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.12-2.69, P = 0.014, respectively] in HCM patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that female sex as a risk factor was identified only in patients younger than 50 years old (P = 0.011, 0.011 and 0.009, respectively), but not for those 50 years or older.
conclusionOur results suggest that female sex is associated with worse survival and heart failure in HCM patients. Further studies are required to determine whether female hormones modify the clinical expression and prognosis of HCM.
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