ArticleStatistics in medicine2014
A better alternative to stratified permuted block design for subject randomization in clinical trials.
Article in Statistics in medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selecting a randomization method for a multi-center clinical trial with stochastic recruitment considerations.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Trial
- A roadmap to using randomization in clinical trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Trial
- Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of DA-9701 in Parkinson's Disease: PASS-GI Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2020Trial
- Does moral reasoning influence public values for health care priority setting?: A population-based randomized stated preference survey.Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Trial
- Comparison of Training Efficacy Between Custom-Made Skills Simulator (CMSS) and da Vinci Skills Simulators: A Randomized Control Study.World journal of surgery · 2019Trial
- Effect of Computer-Based Substance Use Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling vs Usual Care for Youths in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2019Trial
- Reducing selection bias risk to enhance RCT validity: sandwich mixed randomization outperforms permuted block design.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Levodopa/Benserazide Dispersible Tablets on "Delayed ON " to the First Morning Dose in Patients With Parkinson's Disease With Motor Fluctuations: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Trial.Journal of movement disorders · 2025Article
- Computer-Facilitated Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use Risk in Adolescent Patients of Pediatric Primary Care Offices: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Comparison of Pocock and Simon's covariate-adaptive randomization procedures in clinical trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2024Article
- Rematching on-the-fly: Sequential matched randomization and a case for covariate-adjusted randomization.Statistics in medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Simulation and minimization: technical advances for factorial experiments designed to optimize clinical interventions.BMC medical research methodology · 2019Article
- Article
- Small samples and increased variability - discussing the need for restricted types of randomization in exercise interventions in old age.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2019Article
- Characterizing permuted block randomization as a big stick procedure.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2016Article
- The Chronicity of HIV Infection Should Drive the Research Strategy of NeuroHIV Treatment Studies: A Critical Review.CNS drugs · 2016Review
- Mass weighted urn design--A new randomization algorithm for unequal allocations.Contemporary clinical trials · 2015Article
- Comparison of statistical and operational properties of subject randomization procedures for large multicenter clinical trial treating medical emergencies.Contemporary clinical trials · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Stratified permuted block randomization has been the dominant covariate-adaptive randomization procedure in clinical trials for several decades. Its high probability of deterministic assignment and low capacity of covariate balancing have been well recognized. The popularity of this sub-optimal method is largely due to its simplicity in implementation and the lack of better alternatives. Proposed in this paper is a two-stage covariate-adaptive randomization procedure that uses the block urn design or the big stick design in stage one to restrict the treatment imbalance within each covariate stratum, and uses the biased-coin minimization method in stage two to control imbalances in the distribution of additional covariates that are not included in the stratification algorithm. Analytical and simulation results show that the new randomization procedure significantly reduces the probability of deterministic assignments, and improve the covariate balancing capacity when compared to the traditional stratified permuted block randomization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.