Trial reportThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2014
Increased frequency of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid characterizes a population of patients with severe asthma.
Trial report in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
186 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 308 citations in OpenAlex.
- Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Allergic Respiratory Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Estrogen and progesterone decrease let-7f microRNA expression and increase IL-23/IL-23 receptor signaling and IL-17A production in patients with severe asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2015Trial
- Different Inflammatory Phenotypes and Immune Endotypes Drive Disease Heterogeneity in Asthma and COPD.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- RAD51 stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps to compartmentalize inflammation.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Targeting CXCR1/2 suppresses TThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Small extracellular vesicle signaling and mitochondrial transfer reprogram T helper cell function in human asthma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lactate and lactylation: mechanisms, function, diseases, and therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune regulation of behavior: Focus on sensory circumventricular organs and associated cell circuit mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- ICOSMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Emerging role of the immunoproteasome as a druggable target in lung inflammatory diseases.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- A novel interoceptive subfornical organ to infralimbic cortex mechanism relays airway inflammation effects on fear extinction.Research square · 2026Article
- Lactate: elucidating its indispensable role in human health.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Asthma Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Alleviation of Chitin- and Ovalbumin-Induced Steroid-Resistant Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation Associated with NLRP3 Axis Inhibition in a Mouse Model.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- CAR-T therapy: Advances in respiratory diseases.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Early-life viral infections and asthma: new cells and ideas.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- GPR43 in eosinophils suppresses the emergence of pathogenic Siglec-FNature communications · 2025Article
- MUC1 in the upper-lower airway inflammatory continuum: an endotype-centered perspective.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
- Fueling the fire in the lung-brain axis: The salience network connects allergen-provoked TH17 responses to psychological stress in asthma.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- The immunology of asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTH2 cells can further differentiate into dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells. The presence of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in the airways and their effect on asthma severity are unknown.
objectiveWe sought to study dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from asthmatic patients, examine their response to glucocorticoids, and define their relevance for disease severity.
methodsBronchoscopy and lavage were performed in 52 asthmatic patients and 25 disease control subjects. TH2 and TH2/TH17 cells were analyzed by using multicolor flow cytometry and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytokines were assayed by means of ELISA.
resultsDual-positive TH2/TH17 cells were present at a higher frequency in BAL fluid from asthmatic patients compared with numbers seen in disease control subjects. High-level IL-4 production was typically accompanied by high-level IL-17 production and coexpression of GATA3 and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt. Increased presence of TH2/TH17 cells was associated with increased IL-17 production in lavage fluid. TH2/TH17 cell counts and IL-17 production correlated with PC20 for methacholine, eosinophil counts, and FEV1. TH2/TH17 cells, unlike TH2 cells, were resistant to dexamethasone-induced cell death. They expressed higher levels of mitogen-activated protein-extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1, a molecule that induces glucocorticoid resistance. On the basis of the dominance of BAL fluid TH2 or TH2/TH17 cells, we identified 3 subgroups of asthma: TH2(predominant), TH2/TH17(predominant), and TH2/TH17(low). The TH2/TH17(predominant) subgroup manifested the most severe form of asthma, whereas the TH2/TH17(low) subgroup had the mildest asthma.
conclusionAsthma is associated with a higher frequency of dual-positive TH2/TH17 cells in BAL fluid. The TH2/TH17(predominant) subgroup of asthmatic patients manifested glucocorticoid resistance in vitro. They also had the greatest airway obstruction and hyperreactivity compared with the TH2(predominant) and TH2/TH17(low) subgroups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.