ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2015
Dynamic localization and the associated translocation mechanism of HMGBs in response to GCRV challenge in CIK cells.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pyrimidine synthesis enzyme CTP synthetase 1 suppresses antiviral interferon induction by deamidating IRF3.Immunity · 2025Article
- Grass Carp Reovirus Major Outer Capsid Protein VP4 Interacts with RNA Sensor RIG-I to Suppress Interferon Response.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- ROS-induced HSP70 promotes cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1b and stimulates antiviral autophagy in grass carp kidney cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Cytoplasmic Translocation of Nucleolar Protein NOP53 Promotes Viral Replication by Suppressing Host Defense.Viruses · 2018Article
- Grass Carp Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2 Serves As a Negative Regulator in Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I- and Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5-Mediated Antiviral Signaling in Resting State and Early Stage of Grass Carp Reovirus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- MDA5 Induces a Stronger Interferon Response than RIG-I to GCRV Infection through a Mechanism Involving the Phosphorylation and Dimerization of IRF3 and IRF7 in CIK Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Insights into the antiviral immunity against grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) reovirus (GCRV) in grass carp.Journal of immunology research · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box (HMGB) proteins, a family of chromatin-associated nuclear proteins, play amazingly multifaceted roles in the immune system of mammals. Thus far, little is known about the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of HMGBs in teleosts. The present study systematically investigated the dynamic localization of all six HMGB proteins in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells. Under basal conditions, all HMGBs exclusively localized to the nucleus. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), polyinosinic-polycytidylic (poly(I∶C)) potassium salt and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge evoked the nuclear export of HMGBs to various degrees: GCRV challenge induced the highest nuclear export of CiHMGB2b, and poly(I∶C) and LPS evoked the highest nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of CiHMGB1b. Overall, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of CiHMGB2a and CiHMGB3b was rarely induced by these challenges. Dynamic imaging uncovered that the nucleocytoplasmic GCRV-induced relocation of CiHMGB2b occurred in cells undergoing karyotheca rupture, apoptosis or proliferation. Western blot analyses were used to examine HMGB-EGFP fusion proteins in whole cell lysates, cytosol, nuclear fractions and culture medium. Further investigation demonstrated the nuclear retention of N-terminal HMG-boxes and the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of the C-terminal acidic tails. Comparative analyses of the dynamic relocation of full-length, truncated or chimeric HMGBs confirmed that the intramolecular interaction between HMG-boxes and C-tail domains mediated the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGBs. These results not only provide an overall understanding of the subcellular localization of HMGBs, but also reveal the induction mechanism of the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGBs by GCRV challenge, which lays a foundation for further studies on the interactions among pathogens, HMGBs and pattern recognition receptors in the innate immunity of teleosts.
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