Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25042290›Full record

Trial reportJAMA2014

Effect of providing conditional economic compensation on uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision in Kenya: a randomized clinical trial.

Harsha Thirumurthy, Samuel H Masters, Samwel Rao, Megan A Bronson, Michele Lanham, Eunice Omanga, Emily Evens, Kawango Agot

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in JAMA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01857700 nacompletednot on this map

Compensation for Transport Costs and Lost Wages Associated With Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) Uptake: an Intervention to Increase VMMC Demand Among Older Men in Nyanza Province

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRan2013 to 2014Enrolled1,504ConditionsVoluntary Medical Male Circumcision, Circumcision AdultArmsCompensation for transport cost, Compensation for lost wages, Compensation for transport cost and lost wages, Standard of Care
NCT02511548 phase3unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2015, after this paper: background citation

Increasing Medical Male Circumcision Uptake in Orange Farm (South Africa): An Operational Study of Demand Creation

TypeinterventionalSponsorProgressusRan2015 to 2016Enrolled140ConditionsCircumcision, Male, Circumcision Status: Circumcised, UncircumcisedArmsFinancial incentive
NCT04772469 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Self-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2021 to 2023Enrolled934ConditionsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, HIV Infections, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, ViralArmsProvision of multiple self-tests, Small monetary incentives, Use of SMS/text reminders to motivate adherence to ART or PrEP
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Harsha ThirumurthyDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill2Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Samuel H MastersDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Samwel RaoImpact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya.
Megan A BronsonCarolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Michele LanhamFHI 360, Durham, North Carolina.
Eunice OmangaImpact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya.
Emily EvensFHI 360, Durham, North Carolina.
Kawango AgotImpact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya.

Funding

Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology CoreP30AI050410 · NIAID · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI DAVID M. MARGOLIS · 2001 to 2026
$76.9M
Research Services CoreP2CHD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN B GUZZO · 2015 to 2026
$9.6M
Preferences, expectations, and the prediction of health and economic behaviorK01HD061605 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI THIRUMURTHY, HARSHA · 2011 to 2015
$638k
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050410NICHD NIH HHS K01 HD061605NICHD NIH HHS K01HD061605NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD050924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

importanceNovel strategies are needed to increase the uptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in sub-Saharan Africa and enhance the effectiveness of male circumcision as an HIV prevention strategy.

objectiveTo determine whether small economic incentives could increase circumcision prevalence by addressing reported economic barriers to VMMC and behavioral factors such as present-biased decision making. DESIGN, SETTING, AND

participantsRandomized clinical trial conducted between June 22, 2013, and February 4, 2014, among 1504 uncircumcised men aged 25 to 49 years in Nyanza region, Kenya. VMMC services were provided free of charge and participants were randomized to 1 of 3 intervention groups or a control group.

interventionsParticipants in the 3 intervention groups received varying amounts of compensation conditional on undergoing circumcision at 1 of 9 study clinics within 2 months of enrollment. Compensation took the form of food vouchers worth 200 Kenya shillings (≈ US $2.50), 700 Kenya shillings (≈ US $8.75), or 1200 Kenya shillings (≈ US $15.00), which reflected a portion of transportation costs and lost wages associated with getting circumcised. The control group received no compensation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: VMMC uptake within 2 months.

resultsAnalysis of data for 1502 participants with complete data showed that VMMC uptake within 2 months was higher in the US $8.75 group (6.6%; 95% CI, 4.3%-9.5% [25 of 381]) and the US $15.00 group (9.0%; 95% CI, 6.3%-12.4% [34 of 377]) than in the US $2.50 group (1.9%; 95% CI, 0.8%-3.8% [7 of 374]) and the control group (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.6%-3.5% [6 of 370]). In logistic regression analysis, the US $8.75 group had significantly higher VMMC uptake than the control group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.3; 95% CI, 1.7-10.7), as did the US $15.00 group (AOR 6.2; 95% CI, 2.6-15.0). Effect sizes for the US $8.75 and US $15.00 groups did not differ significantly (P = .20). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among uncircumcised men in Kenya, compensation in the form of food vouchers worth approximately US $8.75 or US $15.00, compared with lesser or no compensation, resulted in a modest increase in the prevalence of circumcision after 2 months. The effects of more intense promotion or longer implementation require further investigation.

trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01857700.

Indexed as

Financing, PersonalMotivationAdultCircumcision, MaleDecision MakingFoodHIV InfectionsHumansKenyaMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID25042290
PMCPMC4268484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.