SynthesisJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2014
Evening dosing of antihypertensive therapy to reduce cardiovascular events: a third type of evidence based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2019Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of morning or evening antihypertensive drug administration on albuminuria in hypertensive patients: an open-label pilot randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Chronotherapy on Clinical Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Bedtime Versus Morning Dosing of Antihypertensive Drugs.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Impact of the Circadian Rhythm and Seasonal Changes on the Outcome of Cardiovascular Interventions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Lowering Nighttime Blood Pressure With Bedtime Dosing of Antihypertensive Medications: Controversies in Hypertension - Con Side of the Argument.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Circadian Variation in Efficacy of Medications.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021Review
- Guidelines for the design and conduct of human clinical trials on ingestion-time differences - chronopharmacology and chronotherapy - of hypertension medications.Chronobiology international · 2021Article
- Does Timing of Antihypertensive Medication Dosing Matter?Current cardiology reports · 2020Review
- New Insights on Chronotherapy in Hypertension: Is Timing Everything?Current hypertension reports · 2020Review
- Chronotherapy for Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2018Review
- Diurnal blood pressure changes.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2018Review
- Altered Circadian Timing System-Mediated Non-Dipping Pattern of Blood Pressure and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders in Metabolic and Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Chronotherapy with conventional blood pressure medications improves management of hypertension and reduces cardiovascular and stroke risks.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2016Review
- Elevated asleep BP as predictor of type 2 diabetes and therapeutic target for prevention.Diabetologia · 2016Article
- Time dictates: emerging clinical analyses of the impact of circadian rhythms on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2015Review
- Ethical complexities in standard of care randomized trials: A case study of morning versus nighttime dosing of blood pressure drugs.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2015Article
- Not just chlorthalidone: evidence-based, single tablet, diuretic alternatives to hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2015Article
- Is evening dosing of antihypertensive therapy ready for prime time?Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nighttime blood pressure strongly predicts cardiovascular events (CVEs). Further, a preliminary trial has shown decreased CVEs from evening vs morning dosing of antihypertensive therapy. Is there additional evidence for evening dosing? The authors systematically classified all hypertension trials as evening dosing trials (EDTs) or usual dosing trials (UDTs). Meta-analyses provided standardized hazard ratios for CVEs for EDTs (HREDT s ) and UDTs (HRUDT s ). HREDT s /HRUDT s gave the relative risk (RR) from evening vs usual dosing. Among 175 trials, 5 EDTs were discovered. The RR for CVEs (95% confidence limits) from evening vs usual dosing was 0.63 (0.43-0.92; P=.016). After adjustment for drug class, the RR was 0.54 (0.34-0.85; P=.008). Unlike other EDTs, the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study administered its entire antihypertensive dose prior to sleep and gave the greatest risk reduction. This study provides a third type of evidence suggesting a beneficial effect from evening dosing of antihypertensive therapy. Head-to-head, multicenter trials are needed to test this strategy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.