SynthesisCurrent HIV/AIDS reports2014
Depression and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in low-, middle- and high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Current HIV/AIDS reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 319 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Intervention for HIV+ African Americans
The Effect of Combination Mindfulness Spiritual-Based Cognitive Therapy Plus Hypnosis on Levels of Cortisol, Serotonin, and Depression Degree in HIV Patients With Depression
We Are Together (WAT): Development and Testing of an Intervention to Reduce HIV Related Stigma Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women
Who cites it
319 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Syndemics and clinical impact of HIV and mental health conditions among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Depressive symptoms and its determinants among people living with HIV in Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of depression on ART adherence among women living with HIV.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- The Global Landscape of the Burden of Depressive Symptoms/Major Depression in Individuals Living With HIV/AIDs and Its Effect on Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: An Umbrella Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Pooled it
- The prevalence of depression among adolescent with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of mental disorders on active TB treatment outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2020Pooled it
- Resistance Training Improves Cognitive Function and Depression Without Changing BDNF Levels in People Living with HIV: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Patient perspectives on group problem management plus for adults with major depressive disorder in rural Malawi.Global health action · 2025Trial
- Pro-inflammatory biomarkers associated with depression severity among adults with HIV in New York City.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Depression on the Pathways Between an Economic Strengthening Intervention and ART Adherence in Youths with HIV: Findings from a Moderated Mediation Model of the Suubi + Adherence Cluster-Randomized Study.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Trial
- Exploring the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of a nurse delivered mhealth intervention for women living with HIV in South India: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Trial
- Depression Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Persons Participating in Two Randomized Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Depressive disorder at the household level: prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among household members.Global health action · 2023Trial
- Antenatal depression and adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Trial
- Impact of Community Support Workers in Rural Ethiopia on Emotional and Psychosocial Health of Persons Living with HIV: Results of a Three-Year Randomized Community Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Effect of the Friendship Bench Intervention on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes and Mental Health Symptoms in Rural Zimbabwe: A Cluster Randomized Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Causes and risk factors of death among people who inject drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and Vietnam: findings from HPTN 074 randomized trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- The Mediating Effect of Changes in Depression Symptoms on the Relationship between Health-Related Quality of Life and Alcohol Consumption: Findings from a Longitudinal Study among Men Living with HIV in India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
259 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We investigated the associations between depressive symptoms and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We searched the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for studies that reported an association between depression and adherence to ART as a primary or secondary outcome. We used a random-effect model to pool the risk estimates from the individual studies. The odds ratio (OR) with their 95 % CIs were used as summary estimates. Of 2861 citations, 111 studies that recruited 42,366 PLHIV met our inclusion criteria. When reported, the rate of PLHIV with depressive symptoms ranged from 12.8 to 78 % and the proportion of PLHIV who achieved good adherence (≥ 80 %) ranged from 20 to 98 %. There were no significant differences in rate of depressive symptoms in PLHIV by country income group; however, the proportion of PLHIV who achieved good adherence was significantly higher in lower-income countries (as defined in the 2012 World Bank Country Income Groups) (pooled rate=86 %) compared to higher-income countries (pooled rate=67.5 %; p< .05). We found that the likelihood of achieving good ART adherence was 42 % lower among those with depressive symptoms compared to those without (pooled OR=0.58, 95 % CI 0.55 to 0.62). The relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence to ART was consistent across the country's income group, study design and adherence rates. We found that the magnitude of the association significantly decreases with more recent publications and increasing study sample size. The higher the prevalence of depressive symptoms of PLHIV recruited in the studies, the lower the likelihood of achieving good adherence to ART. In conclusion, the likelihood of achieving good adherence was lower among those with depressive symptoms compared to those without.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.