ReviewAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2014
Protein carbamylation in kidney disease: pathogenesis and clinical implications.
Review in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Uremic Toxins on Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies and skin involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: An intriguing association.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Protein carbamylation is associated with heart failure and mortality in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease.Kidney international · 2015Trial
- Comprehensive profiling of the competitive interplay among carbamylation, glycation, and enzymatic cross-links in human bone.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Article
- Shared and distinct metabolomics profiles associated with microvascular complications in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Protein carbamylation is associated with increased mortality and CKD progression in patients with CKD: results from the EQUAL study.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Carbamylated Albumin, Heart Failure, and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.Clinical chemistry · 2025Article
- Homocitrulline Is Associated with Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nondialysis Patients with CKD.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- Carbamylation is Instrumental in End-Stage Kidney Disease Coagulopathies: The Impact on von Willebrand Factor and Platelet Functionality.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Selected Serum Biomarkers in Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Proteomic analysis of infiltrating neutrophils from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and their contribution to protein carbamylation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Association of inflammation and protein carbamylation in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Metabolomics-Based Machine Learning for Predicting Mortality: Unveiling Multisystem Impacts on Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Non-oxidative Modified Low-density Lipoproteins: The Underappreciated Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Review
- The molecular mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps and its role in bone and joint disease.Heliyon · 2023Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Carbamylation describes a nonenzymatic posttranslational protein modification mediated by cyanate, a dissociation product of urea. When kidney function declines and urea accumulates, the burden of carbamylation naturally increases. Free amino acids may protect proteins from carbamylation, and protein carbamylation has been shown to increase in uremic patients with amino acid deficiencies. Carbamylation reactions are capable of altering the structure and functional properties of certain proteins and have been implicated directly in the underlying mechanisms of various disease conditions. A broad range of studies has demonstrated how the irreversible binding of urea-derived cyanate to proteins in the human body causes inappropriate cellular responses leading to adverse outcomes such as accelerated atherosclerosis and inflammation. Given carbamylation's relationship to urea and the evidence that it contributes to disease pathogenesis, measurements of carbamylated proteins may serve as useful quantitative biomarkers of time-averaged urea concentrations while also offering risk assessment in patients with kidney disease. Moreover, the link between carbamylated proteins and disease pathophysiology creates an enticing therapeutic target for reducing the rate of carbamylation. This article reviews the biochemistry of the carbamylation reaction, its role in specific diseases, and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings based on recent advances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.