ArticlePloS one2014
Maresin biosynthesis and identification of maresin 2, a new anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediator from human macrophages.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maresin: Macrophage Mediator for Resolving Inflammation and Bridging Tissue Regeneration-A System-Based Preclinical Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- 12‑weeks fisetin supplementation and interval resistance with aerobic training: changes in Maresin‑1 and inflammatory markers in men with obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Trial
- Biosynthesis and analytics of specialized pro-resolving mediators: facts and faults.Journal of lipid research · 2026Review
- Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators at the Ocular Surface: Biosynthesis, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.Biology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming Inflammatory Macrophages with Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy for Asthma.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Resolving Inflammation in CKD: The Potential of SPMs and Omega-3 Derivatives as Biomarkers and Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Maresins.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Advances in the role of specialized pro-resolving mediators in periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Maresin-1 and maresin-2 as synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- From Strain to Repair: A Targeted Review of Lipid Mediators Driving the Inflammatory Cascade Following Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Proteomic and morphologic characterization of ovine macrophage differentiation and polarization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Efferocytosis: the art of cellular clearance and novel perspectives in disease therapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Maresin-1 and S-Equol as Emerging Metabolic Biomarkers in Gestational Diabetes-Associated Inflammation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reprogramming inflammation: Mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of eicosanoids and pro-resolving mediators.European journal of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Maresin 2, a Specialized Pro-Resolution Lipid Mediator, Reduces Pain and Inflammation Induced byToxins · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Drives Inflammatory Lipid Production in Localized Provoked Vulvodynia.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Significance and Process of Inflammation Involving Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Derivatives in Hashimoto's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Lipid Mediators from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights into their Role in Atherosclerosis Microenvironments.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Deficiency in platelet 12-lipoxygenase exacerbates inflammation and disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Role of Endogenous Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Mast Cells and Their Involvement in Inflammation and Resolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maresins are a new family of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by macrophages. Here we identified a novel pro-resolving product, 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13R,14S-diHDHA), produced by human macrophages. PCR mapping of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) mRNA sequence in human macrophages and platelet showed that they are identical. This human 12-LOX mRNA and enzyme are expressed in monocyte-derived cell lineage, and enzyme expression levels increase with maturation to macrophages or dendritic cells. Recombinant human 12-LOX gave essentially equivalent catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) with arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA as substrates. Lipid mediator metabololipidomics demonstrated that human macrophages produce a novel bioactive product 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid in addition to maresin-1, 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (MaR1). Co-incubations with human recombinant 12-LOX and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) demonstrated that biosynthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (13,14-diHDHA) involves the 13S,14S-epoxy-maresin intermediate produced from DHA by 12-LOX, followed by conversion via soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). This new 13,14-diHDHA displayed potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving actions, and at 1 ng reduced neutrophil infiltration in mouse peritonitis by ∼40% and at 10 pM enhanced human macrophage phagocytosis of zymosan by ∼90%. However, MaR1 proved more potent than the 13R,14S-diHDHA at enhancing efferocytosis with human macrophages. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that macrophages produced a novel bioactive product identified in the maresin metabolome as 13R,14S-dihydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, from DHA via conversion by human 12-LOX followed by sEH. Given its potent bioactions, we coined 13R,14S-diHDHA maresin 2 (MaR2).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.