ArticlePloS one2014
Gene expression in peripheral immune cells following cardioembolic stroke is sexually dimorphic.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05300997 (Translational Immunodiagnostics in Suspected Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Translational Immunodiagnostics in Suspected Stroke (TrImS): A Two-centre, Pragmatic, Prospective, Observational Study
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Gene Expression Fingerprint in Blood: a Systematic Review and Verification Analysis.Translational stroke research · 2020Pooled it
- Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq analyses characterize a DBP-related circadian signature in ischemic stroke.iScience · 2026Article
- Decoding neuron-specific lineage to identify diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.iScience · 2026Article
- Molecular heterogeneity in human stroke - What can we learn from the peripheral blood transcriptome?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- CCR1 as a potential regulator of neutrophil-mediated pathogenesis in post-acute ischemic stroke: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Trem2 exacerbates ischemic brain injury through Gpnmb in a photothrombotic stroke model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Mediating Effect of Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Associations Between Sarcoidosis and Incident Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Immunotherapies for Ischemic Stroke Patients: Current Status and Future Directions.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MEF2A-mediated inhibition of ischemic stroke injury via the PI3K/AKT pathway: a comprehensive bioinformatics and in vitro study.BMC neuroscience · 2026Article
- Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals the drug-protein-ceRNA regulatory network in acute ischemic stroke.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Combining Machine Learning, Single-Cell Sequencing Data, and Mendelian Randomization Studies to Explore the Correlation Between Ischemic Stroke and Inflammatory Pathway Genes.International journal of genomics · 2026Article
- Systems biology analysis uncovers a ROS-associated gene signature and immunomodulatory role of CLEC4E in ischemic stroke.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sex differences in ex vivo cytokine production and their association with outcome following ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Investigating the Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke and Predicting Therapeutics Through Machine Learning and Integrated Bioinformatics.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Characterization of PANoptosis-based markers for ischemic stroke and their appealing implications in improving prognosis and in glioma patients.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The impact of PANoptosis-related genes on immune profiles and subtype classification in ischemic stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of SPTLC2 as a key driver promoting microglial activation and energy metabolism reprogramming after ischemic stroke through bulk and single-cell analyses combined with experimental validation.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Key copper homeostasis genes and inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: A bioinformatics and experimental study.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- MicroRNA- 3135b as a Therapeutic Target and Clinical Biomarker for Stroke: Regulation of the NF-κB/IKKβ Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Machine learning identification of key genes in cardioembolic stroke and atherosclerosis: their association with pan-cancer and immune cells.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsEpidemiological studies suggest that sex has a role in the pathogenesis of cardioembolic stroke. Since stroke is a vascular disease, identifying sexually dimorphic gene expression changes in blood leukocytes can inform on sex-specific risk factors, response and outcome biology. We aimed to examine the sexually dimorphic immune response following cardioembolic stroke by studying the differential gene expression in peripheral white blood cells. METHODS AND
resultsBlood samples from patients with cardioembolic stroke were obtained at ≤3 hours (prior to treatment), 5 hours and 24 hours (after treatment) after stroke onset (n = 23; 69 samples) and compared with vascular risk factor controls without symptomatic vascular diseases (n = 23, 23 samples) (ANCOVA, false discovery rate p≤0.05, |fold change| ≥1.2). mRNA levels were measured on whole-genome Affymetrix microarrays. There were more up-regulated than down-regulated genes in both sexes, and females had more differentially expressed genes than males following cardioembolic stroke. Female gene expression was associated with cell death and survival, cell-cell signaling and inflammation. Male gene expression was associated with cellular assembly, organization and compromise. Immune response pathways were over represented at ≤3, 5 and 24 h after stroke in female subjects but only at 24 h in males. Neutrophil-specific genes were differentially expressed at 3, 5 and 24 h in females but only at 5 h and 24 h in males.
conclusionsThere are sexually dimorphic immune cell expression profiles following cardioembolic stroke. Future studies are needed to confirm the findings using qRT-PCR in an independent cohort, to determine how they relate to risk and outcome, and to compare to other causes of ischemic stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.