Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25035250›Full record

ArticleHeart & lung : the journal of critical care

The MoCA and MMSE as screeners for cognitive impairment in a heart failure population: a study with comprehensive neuropsychological testing.

Misty A W Hawkins, Emily C Gathright, John Gunstad, Mary A Dolansky, Joseph D Redle, Richard Josephson, Shirley M Moore, Joel W Hughes

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Heart & lung : the journal of critical care. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  10. Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) alterations in heart transplant patients with cognitive impairment: a resting-state fMRI study.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025
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  11. Observational
  12. Brain Age Is Not a Significant Predictor of Relapse Risk in Late-Life Depression.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Misty A W HawkinsDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. Electronic address: mhawki15@kent.edu.
Emily C GathrightDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
John GunstadDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Mary A DolanskyFrances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Joseph D RedleCardiovascular Institute, Summa Health System, Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH 44307, USA.
Richard JosephsonSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Shirley M MooreFrances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Joel W HughesDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Summa Health System, Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH 44307, USA.
Kent State University · USCase Western Reserve University · USSumma Health System · USUniversity Hospitals of Cleveland · US

Funding

Cognitive Impairment and Self-management in Adults with Heart FailureR01HL096710 · NHLBI · KENT STATE UNIVERSITY · PI DOLANSKY, MARY, HUGHES, JOEL W · 2010 to 2013
$2.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL096710NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL096710-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine the ability of the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to detect cognitive impairment in persons with heart failure (HF).

backgroundAlthough the MMSE and MoCA are commonly used screeners in HF, no research team has validated their performance against neuropsychological testing.

methodsParticipants were 106 patients with HF (49.1% male, 68.13 ± 9.82 years) who completed the MoCA, MMSE, and a full neuropsychological battery. Sensitivity and specificity were examined. Discriminant function analyses tested whether the screeners correctly detected cognitive impairment.

resultsA MoCA score <25 and MMSE score of <28 yielded optimal sensitivity/specificity (.64/.66 and .70/.66, respectively). The MoCA correctly classified 65% of patients, Wilk's lambda = .91, χ(2)(1) = 9.89, p < .01, and the MMSE correctly classified 68%, Wilk's lambda = .87, χ(2)(1) = 14.26, p < .001.

conclusionsIn HF, both the MoCA and MMSE are useful in identifying the majority of patients with and without cognitive impairment. Both tests misclassified approximately one-third of patients, so continued monitoring and evaluation of patients is needed in conjunction with screening.

Indexed as

Neuropsychological TestsAgedCognitionCognition DisordersFemaleHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedSensitivity and SpecificityCognitive impairmentHeart failureMMSEMoCAScreening

Identifiers

PMID25035250
PMCPMC4150827
OpenAlexW2127791111

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.