ArticleAmerican journal of public health2014
New walking and cycling routes and increased physical activity: one- and 2-year findings from the UK iConnect Study.
Article in American journal of public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of active travel interventions in the UK on disadvantaged population groups and their potential to reduce health inequalities: systematic review.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of built environment changes on physical activity in Canada: a systematic review of natural experiments.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2026Pooled it
- Correlates and determinants of physical activity among older adults of lower versus higher socio-economic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- Walkability and urban built environments-a systematic review of health impact assessments (HIA).BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Impacts of new cycle infrastructure on cycling levels in two French cities: an interrupted time series analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Pooled it
- Climate Change, Physical Activity and Sport: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of empirical and simulation studies evaluating the health impact of transportation interventions.Environmental research · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of the effect of infrastructural interventions to promote cycling: strengthening causal inference from observational data.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2019Pooled it
- Walkability, Overweight, and Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Title: Can changing the physical environment promote walking and cycling? A systematic review of what works and how.Health & place · 2019Pooled it
- What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review.British journal of sports medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Do Natural Experiments of Changes in Neighborhood Built Environment Impact Physical Activity and Diet? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of built environment effects on physical activity and active transport - an update and new findings on health equity.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Pooled it
- Physical activity and the environment: conceptual review and framework for intervention research.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2017Pooled it
- Effects of bicycle infrastructure interventions on physical activity in the general population: rapid review.BMC public health · 2026Review
- "There's no better medicine than my outdoors": understanding the importance of physical activity in rural and remote First Nations communities in Northern British Columbia, Canada.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- Natural experiments for healthier communities: evidence to drive Canadian policy and practice.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2026Article
- The status and politics of bicycling in the cities of low- and middle-income countries.Nature cities · 2026Article
- Which population-level interventions promote physical activity equitably across socioeconomic groups? A rapid systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe evaluated the effects of providing new high-quality, traffic-free routes for walking and cycling on overall levels of walking, cycling, and physical activity.
methods1796 adult residents in 3 UK municipalities completed postal questionnaires at baseline (2010) and 1-year follow-up (2011), after the construction of the new infrastructure. 1465 adults completed questionnaires at baseline and 2-year follow-up (2012). Transport network distance from home to infrastructure defined intervention exposure and provided a basis for controlled comparisons.
resultsLiving nearer the infrastructure did not predict changes in activity levels at 1-year follow-up but did predict increases in activity at 2 years relative to those living farther away (15.3 additional minutes/week walking and cycling per km nearer; 12.5 additional minutes/week of total physical activity). The effects were larger among participants with no car.
conclusionsThese new local routes may mainly have displaced walking or cycling trips in the short term but generated new trips in the longer term, particularly among those unable to access more distant destinations by car. These findings support the potential for walking and cycling infrastructure to promote physical activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.