ArticleAmerican journal of public health2015
Age at menarche: 50-year socioeconomic trends among US-born black and white women.
Article in American journal of public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Timing of Menarche: The Potential for Climate Change to Impact Women's Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Age at menarche and age-adjusted anti-Müllerian hormone level among women of childbearing age in China.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Associations of lifetime cumulative estrogen exposure with lifecourse social exposures, cognitive decline, and dementia risk among postmenopausal White, Black, and Latina women.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Generational trends in reproductive factors among women in the US: implications for breast cancer incidence.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Neighborhood and Family Socioeconomic Status on Adolescents' Internalizing Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Pubertal Development Trajectory.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding, Prepubertal Adiposity, and Development of Precocious Puberty.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Early life factors of precocious puberty based on Korean nationwide data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of Age at Menarche With Inflammation and Glucose Metabolism Biomarkers in US Adult Women: NHANES 1999-2018.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Age at menarche and its association with preschool BMI among girls in Northern Norway.PloS one · 2025Article
- Association of Age at Menarche with General and Abdominal Obesity in Young Women.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Menarche and Time to Cycle Regularity Among Individuals Born Between 1950 and 2005 in the US.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Mother's age at menarche is associated with odds of preterm delivery: A case-control study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2024Article
- Age at menarche, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease complications in US women aged under 65 years: NHANES 1999-2018.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2023Article
- PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies.Toxics · 2023Article
- Sex matters: the frequently overlooked importance of considering sex in computational models.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 1: National cancer statistics.Cancer · 2022Article
- Association between Age at Menarche and Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Journal of research in health sciences · 2022Article
- Associations between age of menarche and genetic variation in women of African descent: genome-wide association study and polygenic score analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe investigated 50-year US trends in age at menarche by socioeconomic position (SEP) and race/ethnicity because data are scant and contradictory.
methodsWe analyzed data by income and education for US-born non-Hispanic Black and White women aged 25 to 74 years in the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) I (1959-1962), National Health Examination and Nutrition Surveys (NHANES) I-III (1971-1994), and NHANES 1999-2008.
resultsIn NHES I, average age at menarche among White women in the 20th (lowest) versus 80th (highest) income percentiles was 0.26 years higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.09, 0.61), but by NHANES 2005-2008 it had reversed and was -0.33 years lower (95% CI = -0.54, -0.11); no socioeconomic gradients occurred among Black women. The proportion with onset at younger than 11 years increased only among women with low SEP, among Blacks and Whites (P for trend < .05), and high rates of change occurred solely among Black women (all SEP strata) and low-income White women who underwent menarche before 1960.
conclusionsTrends in US age at menarche vary by SEP and race/ethnicity in ways that pose challenges to several leading clinical, public health, and social explanations for early age at menarche and that underscore why analyses must jointly include data on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Future research is needed to explain these trends.
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