ArticleCurrent therapeutic research, clinical and experimental2014
Effect of administration route on the pharmacokinetics of cobalamin in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular administration: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Aeronutrient Therapy: A New Frontier in Systemic Drug Delivery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Pharmacokinetics of vitamin dosage forms: A complete overview.Food science & nutrition · 2024Review
- Vitamin BBMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Vitamin BMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients' Lives, and Reduce Costs.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Intranasal treatment of vitamin BEuropean journal of pediatrics · 2020Article
- Systematic Review and Pragmatic Clinical Approach to Oral and Nasal Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Treatment in Patients with Vitamin B12 Deficiency Related to Gastrointestinal Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe gold standard for cobalamin deficiency treatment is administration of cobalamin by intramuscular injection. The injection is painful and inconvenient, particularly for elderly persons. Cobalamin might also be administered intranasally. Previous studies do not provide insight into the pharmacokinetics of intranasal cobalamin administration in comparison with cobalamin injection.
aimTo quantify the pharmacokinetics of intranasally and intramuscularly administered cobalamin to determine if intranasal administration might be an alternative for intramuscular administration.
methodsTen inpatients and outpatients of a geriatrics unit were recruited and randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 1000 μg cobalamin administered either by intranasal spray or intramuscular injection (5 per group). Inclusion criteria were written informed consent, age >65 years, and a cobalamin serum concentration <200 pmol/L. Total cobalamin serum concentrations were determined 10 times within 48 hours after administration. The differences in Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-48 h per administration route were statistically compared using ANOVA.
resultsThe average Cmax was 1 nmol/L after intranasal and 38.5 nmol/L after intramuscular administration. The average Tmax for intranasal and intramuscular administration was 42 minutes versus 342 minutes, respectively, and the AUC0-48 h was 1.3 µmol/L/min versus 45.4 µmol/L/min, respectively. These values also differed significantly (P<0.05). The estimated bioavailability of the intranasal administration was 2%.
conclusionsThe pharmacokinetics of intranasal and intramuscular cobalamin administration in elderly, cobalamin-deficient patients differ significantly. However, the estimated 2% bioavailability of cobalamin after intranasal administration makes intranasal cobalamin administration a potentially interesting administration route for elderly patients. Netherlands Trial Registry identifier: NTR 3005.
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