ReviewCritical care (London, England)2014
Pharmacological management of tetanus: an evidence-based review.
Review in Critical care (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02999815 (Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for Treatment of Adult Patients With Tetanus), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for Treatment of Adult Patients With Tetanus: a Randomized Controlled 2x2 Factorial Trial
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Tetanus Vaccine in Healthy Adults in China: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose Escalation, Placebo- and Positive-Controlled, Phase 1/2 Trial.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Trial
- Prevention and treatment of tetanus in China: a comparative review against international standards.Infection · 2026Review
- Severe Tetanus Following a Rooster-Peck Injury Requiring Nasotracheal Intubation: A Case Report.Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Multiple Independent Origins of TnAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- IgY technology (egg yolk antibodies) in respiratory medicine: applications and future prospects.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Failure of tetanus immunoglobulin prophylaxis: a case report.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality and Associated Factors Among Adult Tetanus Patients Admitted at Public Hospitals in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Neonatal tetanus in undocumented migrant families in Saudi Arabia: outcomes and critical care resource utilization in a 10-year tertiary PICU cohort.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Successful management of neonatal tetanus with autonomic manifestations at a referral hospital in Nigeria: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Generalized Tetanus Associated With Malaria and Probable Meningitis in a 4-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report in Limbe Regional Hospital, Cameroon.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Vaccine hesitancy and bone health: Musculoskeletal sequelae of vaccine-preventable diseases.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2025Review
- Localized tetanus bacillus infection following open metatarsal fracture in an adult: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Trauma-induced tetanus: case series and an up-to-date pharmacoeconomic overview in Nepal.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Article
- An Unexpected Case of Generalized Tetanus.Cureus · 2024Article
- Generalized tetanus complicated with Takotsubo-cardiomyopathy in a septuagenarian following a laceration injury with soil contamination - a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Tetanus- a case report highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2024Article
- An unexpected case of tetanus in a fully immunized 20-year-old female: a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tetanus is becoming rarer in both industrialized and developing nations due to an effective vaccination program. In 2010, the World Health Organization estimated there was a 93% reduction in newborns dying from tetanus worldwide, compared to the situation in the late 1980s. Due to its rarity, many diagnostic delays occur as physicians may not consider the diagnosis until the manifestations become overt. Without timely diagnosis and proper treatment, severe tetanus is fatal (mortality is also influenced by the comorbidities of the patient). The principles of treating tetanus are: reducing muscle spasms, rigidity and autonomic instability (with ventilatory support when necessary); neutralization of tetanus toxin with human antitetanus immunoglobulin or equine antitetanus sera; wound debridement; and administration of antibiotics to eradicate locally proliferating bacteria at the wound site. It is difficult to conduct trials on different treatment modalities in tetanus due to both logistical and ethical reasons. However, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the best evidence-based treatment strategies currently available to improve the outcome of patients. This review concentrates on analyzing the current evidence on the pharmacological management of tetanus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.