Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25028366›Full record

ArticleCancer research2014

High expression of CAI2, a 9p21-embedded long noncoding RNA, contributes to advanced-stage neuroblastoma.

Lisa M Barnhill, Richard T Williams, Olga Cohen, Youngjin Kim, Ayse Batova, Jenna A Mielke, Karen Messer, Minya Pu, Lei Bao, Alice L Yu and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Emerging therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2020
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Lisa M BarnhillAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Richard T WilliamsAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Olga CohenAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Youngjin KimAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Ayse BatovaAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Jenna A MielkeAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego;
Karen MesserDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California;
Minya PuDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California;
Lei BaoDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California;
Alice L YuAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Academia Sinica, Genomics Research Center, Taipei; and Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan mdiccianni@ucsd.edu aliceyu@ucsd.edu.
Mitchell B DiccianniAuthors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; mdiccianni@ucsd.edu aliceyu@ucsd.edu.
University of California, San Diego · USMoores Cancer Center

Funding

VIRAL MALIGNANCYP30CA023100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DIANE M SIMEONE · 1985 to 2026
$124.9M
Predicting toxicity and success of anti-GD2 immunotherapy of neuroblastomaR01CA164132 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI YU, ALICE L. · 2012 to 2014
$936k
NCI NIH HHS 2 P30 CA023100-23NCI NIH HHS CA164132NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023100NCI NIH HHS R01 CA164132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with significant genomic and biologic heterogeneity. p16 and ARF, two important tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome 9p21, are inactivated commonly in most cancers, but paradoxically overexpressed in neuroblastoma. Here, we report that exon γ in p16 is also part of an undescribed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that we have termed CAI2 (CDKN2A/ARF Intron 2 lncRNA). CAI2 is a single-exon gene with a poly A signal located in but independent of the p16/ARF exon 3. CAI2 is expressed at very low levels in normal tissue, but is highly expressed in most tumor cell lines with an intact 9p21 locus. Concordant expression of CAI2 with p16 and ARF in normal tissue along with the ability of CAI2 to induce p16 expression suggested that CAI2 may regulate p16 and/or ARF. In neuroblastoma cells transformed by serial passage in vitro, leading to more rapid proliferation, CAI2, p16, and ARF expression all increased dramatically. A similar relationship was also observed in primary neuroblastomas where CAI2 expression was significantly higher in advanced-stage neuroblastoma, independently of MYCN amplification. Consistent with its association with high-risk disease, CAI2 expression was also significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes, although this effect was reduced when adjusted for MYCN amplification. Taken together, our findings suggested that CAI2 contributes to the paradoxical overexpression of p16 in neuroblastoma, where CAI2 may offer a useful biomarker of high-risk disease.

Indexed as

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9Gene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticADP-Ribosylation FactorsCell Line, TumorCell Transformation, NeoplasticChildChild, PreschoolCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16Follow-Up StudiesGene ExpressionGene OrderHumansInfantInfant, NewbornNeoplasm StagingNeuroblastomaADP-Ribosylation FactorsCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16RNA, Long NoncodingRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID25028366
PMCPMC4126165
OpenAlexW2040746023

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.