SynthesisInternational orthopaedics2015
The use of postoperative suction drainage in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International orthopaedics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol in Orthopedic Hip Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinics in orthopedic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Indicators and medical tests to identify lower limb swelling causes after total knee arthroplasty: a Delphi study with multidisciplinary experts.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Are closed suction drains necessary for primary total knee arthroplasty?: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in total hip replacement: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Application of postoperative autotransfusion in total joint arthroplasty reduces allogeneic blood requirements: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Pooled it
- Comparison between autologous blood transfusion drainage and closed-suction drainage/no drainage in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Pooled it
- No clear benefit or drawback to the use of closed drainage after primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Pooled it
- Value of closed suction drainage in arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgery of the ankle joint: a prospective randomised study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Trial
- The effect of local injection of tranexamic acid into peri-articular tissue versus drain clamping in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Trial
- Indwelling urinary catheterization was unnecessary in non-drainage total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2021Trial
- Drainage relieves pain without increasing post-operative blood loss in high tibial osteotomy: a prospective randomized controlled study.International orthopaedics · 2020Trial
- Does the use of a closed-suction drain reduce the effectiveness of an antibiotic-loaded spacer in two-stage exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic hip infection? A prospective, randomized, controlled study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Trial
- Closed suction drainage following routine primary total joint arthroplasty is associated with a higher transfusion rate and longer postoperative length of stay: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Trial
- Tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet: a randomized, controlled trial of oral versus intravenous versus topical administration.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Comparison of oral versus intra-articular tranexamic acid in enhanced-recovery primary total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet application: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2018Trial
- Closed Suction Drainage Is Not Associated with Faster Recovery after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of 80 Patients.Orthopaedic surgery · 2016Trial
- Evaluating the benefits of using drainage tubes after high tibial osteotomy: A retrospective study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Hidden blood loss and its risk factors between high tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- The necessity of suction drainage when intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid is used during primary total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
- Risk factor analysis and establishment of a nomogram model to predict blood loss during total knee arthroplasty.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials is to assess the effectiveness of no drainage when compared to drainage in total knee arthroplasty, in terms of recovery of knee flexion, reduction in swelling, length of hospital stay and haemoglobin levels following TKA.
methodsSix randomised controlled trials were included.
resultsThere is no significant difference between the individuals who receive a drain and those who do not across any of the measures examined (p < 0.05). This analysis demonstrates no statistical difference in ROM [mean difference 0.03° (95 %CI -1.51 to 1.45, p = 0.64, I(2) = 0 %)]. , nor in knee circumference [mean difference 1.63 cm (95 % CI -1.07 - 4.34 cm, p = 0.34), [I(2) = 0.12].
conclusionThe finding raises the possibility that drains are not required to assist in recovery following TKA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.