ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2014
A cationic nanoemulsion for the delivery of next-generation RNA vaccines.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Innate Pathway Selection Modulates Antibody and T-Cell Responses to Mosaic Influenza Nucleoprotein in Cattle.Viruses · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccines for viral diseases: mechanism, advances, and future perspective.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- An Oral Vaccine Derived from AttenuatedVaccines · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: The critical interplay between inflammation and expression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- RNA vaccines: The dawn of a new age for tuberculosis?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
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- Upgrading nucleic acid and antisense therapeutics: challenges, solutions, and future directions.Bioanalysis · 2025Review
- Research progress of mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
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- From genetic code to global health: the impact of nucleic acid vaccines on disease prevention and treatment.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Repurposing anti-viral subunit and mRNA vaccines T cell immunity for intratumoral immunotherapy against solid tumors.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Developing a Vaccine Against Human Cytomegalovirus: Identifying and Targeting HCMV's Immunological Achilles' Heel.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Research progress of mosquito-borne virus mRNA vaccines.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- A sort and sequence approach to dissect heterogeneity of response to a self-amplifying RNA vector in a novel human muscle cell line.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Nucleic acid vaccines: innovations, efficacy, and applications in at-risk populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based vaccines such as viral vectors, plasmid DNA, and mRNA are being developed as a means to address a number of unmet medical needs that current vaccine technologies have been unable to address. Here, we describe a cationic nanoemulsion (CNE) delivery system developed to deliver a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine. This nonviral delivery system is based on Novartis's proprietary adjuvant MF59, which has an established clinical safety profile and is well tolerated in children, adults, and the elderly. We show that nonviral delivery of a 9 kb self-amplifying mRNA elicits potent immune responses in mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates comparable to a viral delivery technology, and demonstrate that, relatively low doses (75 µg) induce antibody and T-cell responses in primates. We also show the CNE-delivered self-amplifying mRNA enhances the local immune environment through recruitment of immune cells similar to an MF59 adjuvanted subunit vaccine. Lastly, we show that the site of protein expression within the muscle and magnitude of protein expression is similar to a viral vector. Given the demonstration that self-amplifying mRNA delivered using a CNE is well tolerated and immunogenic in a variety of animal models, we are optimistic about the prospects for this technology.
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Registered trials
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