ReviewALTEX2014
State-of-the-art of 3D cultures (organs-on-a-chip) in safety testing and pathophysiology.
Review in ALTEX, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed.
- ChemSkin DB 2.0: a comprehensive reference chemical database for skin corrosion and irritation.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Innovations in skin microphysiological systems for nonclinical testing and FDA modernization.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Skin-on-chip: Quo vadis?APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Integrin β2 regulates titanium particle‑induced inflammation in macrophages:Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Development of an Easy-To-Use Microfluidic System to Assess Dynamic Exposure to Mycotoxins in 3D Culture Models: Evaluation of Ochratoxin A and Patulin Cytotoxicity.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Current Challenges to Align Inflammatory Key Events in Animals and Lung Cell ModelsChemical research in toxicology · 2024Review
- Tailoring epilepsy treatment: personalized micro-physiological systems illuminate individual drug responses.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
- Tau- and α-synuclein-targeted gold nanoparticles: applications, opportunities, and future outlooks in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Proof of concept for quantitative adverse outcome pathway modeling of chronic toxicity in repeated exposure.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Applying new approach methodologies to assess next-generation tobacco and nicotine products.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Review
- Quantitative Analysis of Whole-Mount Fluorescence-Stained Tumor Spheroids in Phenotypic Drug Screens.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Development of a micronucleus test using the EpiAirway™ organotypic human airway model.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2023Article
- 3D Spheroid Cultivation Alters the Extent and Progression of Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Compared to 2D Cultivation.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Review
- Three-Dimensional Spheroids for Cancer Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Microfluidic nanodevices for drug sensing and screening applications.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- Skin models of cutaneous toxicity, transdermal transport and wound repair.Burns & trauma · 2023Review
- Synthesis of large scale 3D microscopic images of 3D cell cultures for training and benchmarking.PloS one · 2023Article
- A 3D, Compartmental Tumor-Stromal Microenvironment Model of Patient-Derived Bone Metastasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major functions of an organ or organ system. This implies in many cases that more than one cell type forms the 3D structure, and often matrix elements play an important role. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning commonalities of the different models. For instance, the theory of mass transport/metabolite exchange in 3D systems and the special analytical requirements for test endpoints in organotypic cultures are discussed in detail. In the next part, 3D model systems for selected organs--liver, lung, skin, brain--are presented and characterized in dedicated chapters. Also, 3D approaches to the modeling of tumors are presented and discussed. All chapters give a historical background, illustrate the large variety of approaches, and highlight up- and downsides as well as specific requirements. Moreover, they refer to the application in disease modeling, drug discovery and safety assessment. Finally, consensus recommendations indicate a roadmap for the successful implementation of 3D models in routine screening. It is expected that the use of such models will accelerate progress by reducing error rates and wrong predictions from compound testing.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.