ArticlePloS one2014
Effects of an oxycodone conjugate vaccine on oxycodone self-administration and oxycodone-induced brain gene expression in rats.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Impact of Age on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration in Wistar Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- IFN-γ and TLR agonist co-adjuvants enhance the efficacy of a lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccine.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Possible Anti-Pain Vaccines: A Narrative Review of Emerging Strategies and Clinical Prospects.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Fentanyl-Antibody Interaction as a Novel Strategy against Opiates and Opioids Abuse.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The development of opioid vaccines as a novel strategy for the treatment of opioid use disorder and overdose prevention.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The immunological and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Lipid-PLGA hybrid nanoparticle-based oxycodone vaccines.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- A TLR7/8 agonist increases efficacy of anti-fentanyl vaccines in rodent and porcine models.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Neural circuits controlling choice behavior in opioid addiction.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- The potential role of opioid vaccines and monoclonal antibodies in the opioid overdose crisis.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2023Article
- Oxycodone, an opioid like the others?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- Immunotherapeutic strategies for treating opioid use disorder and overdose.Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2023Review
- Ghrelin receptor antagonist JMV2959 blunts cocaine and oxycodone drug-seeking, but not self-administration, in male rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Drug Addiction.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Pre-clinical safety and toxicology profile of a candidate vaccine to treat oxycodone use disorder.Vaccine · 2022Article
- Sex and heredity are determinants of drug intake in a novel model of rat oral oxycodone self-administration.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2021Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms underlying the efficacy of antibodies generated by a vaccine to treat oxycodone use disorder.Neuropharmacology · 2021Article
- Therapeutic and Prophylactic Vaccines to Counteract Fentanyl Use Disorders and Toxicity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Sex differences in oral oxycodone self-administration and stress-primed reinstatement in rats.Addiction biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Prescription opioid abuse is an increasing public health concern in the USA. A vaccine comprising a hapten (OXY) conjugated to the carrier protein keyhole limpet hemocyanin (OXY-KLH) has been shown to attenuate the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone. Here, the vaccine's ability to prevent acquisition of intravenous (i.v.) oxycodone self-administration was studied in rats. Effects of vaccination on oxycodone-induced changes in the expression of several genes within the mesolimbic system, which are regulated by chronic opiate use, were also examined. Vaccination with OXY-KLH reduced the proportion of rats acquiring i.v. self-administration of oxycodone under a fixed ratio (FR) 3 schedule of reinforcement compared to control rats immunized with the unconjugated KLH carrier protein. Vaccination significantly reduced the mean number of infusions at FR3, total number of infusions, and total oxycodone intake during the entire protocol. Compared to oxycodone self-administering control rats immunized with the carrier alone, rats vaccinated with the OXY-KLH immunogen showed increased levels of adenylate cyclase 5 (Adcy5) and decreased levels of early growth response protein 2 (Egr2) and the early immediate gene c-Fos in the striatum. These data suggest that vaccination with OXY-KLH can attenuate the reinforcing effects of oxycodone at a clinically-relevant exposure level. Analysis of mRNA expression identified some addiction-relevant markers that may be of interest in understanding oxycodone effects or the protection provided by vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.