ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Type II Toxoplasma gondii induction of CD40 on infected macrophages enhances interleukin-12 responses.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxoplasma gondii drives myeloid immune cell recruitment to amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's model mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The role of autophagy in protozoan infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Mouse innate resistance tomSphere · 2024Article
- Transcriptome analysis of Kunming mice responses to the bite of Xenopsylla cheopis.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Overview of Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammatory Processes inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Immunization with a novel mRNA vaccine, TGGT1_216200 mRNA-LNP, prolongs survival time in BALB/c mice against acute toxoplasmosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Anti-Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Archetypal type II and IIIFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Impact of IFN-y and CD40 signalling on Toxoplasma gondii cyst formation in differentiated Neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells.Parasite immunology · 2022Article
- Secreted Effectors Modulating Immune Responses toLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Enhancing Immune Responses to a DNA Vaccine EncodingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Runx proteins mediate protective immunity against Leishmania donovani infection by promoting CD40 expression on dendritic cells.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Developing immune-regulatory materials using immobilized monosaccharides with immune-instructive properties.Materials today. Bio · 2020Article
- Naïve CD8 T cell IFNγ responses to a vacuolar antigen are regulated by an inflammasome-independent NLRP3 pathway and Toxoplasma gondii ROP5.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Toxoplasma GRA15 and GRA24 are important activators of the host innate immune response in the absence of TLR11.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Toxoplasma gondii Dysregulates Barrier Function and Mechanotransduction Signaling in Human Endothelial Cells.mSphere · 2020Article
- Key Limitations and New Insights Into theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Influence of the Host and Parasite Strain on the Immune Response DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Amblyomma americanum ticks utilizes countervailing pro and anti-inflammatory proteins to evade host defense.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can cause severe neurological disease in infected humans. CD40 is a receptor on macrophages that plays a critical role in controlling T. gondii infection. We examined the regulation of CD40 on the surface of T. gondii-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMdMs). T. gondii induced CD40 expression both at the transcript level and on the cell surface, and interestingly, the effect was parasite strain specific: CD40 levels were dramatically increased in type II T. gondii-infected BMdMs compared to type I- or type III-infected cells. Type II induction of CD40 was specific to cells harboring intracellular parasites and detectable as early as 6 h postinfection (hpi) at the transcript level. CD40 protein expression peaked at 18 hpi. Using forward genetics with progeny from a type II × type III cross, we found that CD40 induction mapped to a region of chromosome X that included the gene encoding the dense granule protein 15 (GRA15). Using type I parasites stably expressing the type II allele of GRA15 (GRA15II), we found that type I GRA15II parasites induced the expression of CD40 on infected cells in an NF-κB-dependent manner. In addition, stable expression of hemagglutinin-tagged GRA15II in THP-1 cells resulted in CD40 upregulation in the absence of infection. Since CD40 signaling contributes to interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, we examined IL-12 from infected macrophages and found that CD40L engagement of CD40 amplified the IL-12 response in type II-infected cells. These data indicate that GRA15II induction of CD40 promotes parasite immunity through the production of IL-12.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.