ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2014
Distinctive features of CD4+ T cell dysfunction in chronic viral infections.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis.mBio · 2026Article
- Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Infection and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions.MedComm · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Allergic Diseases and Allergen Immunotherapy: A Novel Biomarker?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- CD4, but not Cxcr6, is necessary for control of Pneumocystis murina infection.Microbes and infection · 2025Article
- IL-27 effects on HIVFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- TIM3 in COVID-19; A potential hallmark?Heliyon · 2024Review
- Dysfunction of type 1 and type 2 immune cells: a lesson from exhausted-like ILC2s and their activation-induced cell death.International immunology · 2024Review
- Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Depletion of HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cells in People with HIV.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Article
- Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Contribution of T helper 17 cells and interleukin-17 to the pathogenesis of primary immune thrombocytopenia in Egyptian children.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Booster vaccination is required to elicit and maintain COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in SIV-infected macaques.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Plasma TIGIT Level Is a Possible Marker in HIV-Related Liver Damage.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2022Article
- Knowns and Unknowns about CAR-T Cell Dysfunction.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- Preterm Birth in Women With HIV: The Role of the Placenta.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Review
- Article
- Chromatin Modifications in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Clinicomolecular Identification of Conserved and Individualized Features of Granulomatous Uveitis.Ophthalmology science · 2021Article
- A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Reconstitution of T follicular helper-humoral immune axis with elimination of hepatitis C virus.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewTo describe recent advances in the understanding of virus-specific CD4 T cell dysfunction in chronic viral infections, with an emphasis on HIV disease. We highlight features that are distinctive for CD4 T cells, as opposed to their CD8 T cell counterparts. RECENT
findingsCD4 T cell activation and differentiation are tightly controlled. Regulation of these processes depends on the context of initial encounter of the naïve CD4 T cell with the cognate antigen and on ongoing external cues to the antigen-experienced CD4 T cell, in particular the inflammatory environment, which is prominent in HIV infection. Virus-specific CD4 T cell dysfunction results from a combination of an exhaustion program and skewing in T helper lineage differentiation which impact function. The CD4 and CD8 T cell exhaustion programs present similarities and distinct features. The sets of inhibitory coreceptors expression differ, although programmed-death 1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) are upregulated on both HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is largely specific to CD4 T cells, whereas 2B4 and CD160 are biased toward CD8 T cells. SUMMARY: Understanding the molecular basis of HIV-specific CD4 T cell exhaustion and identifying key differences with CD8 T cell impairment will be critical to design effective therapeutic and preventive immunotherapies against HIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.