ArticleGenetics2014
Conditional asymmetric linkage disequilibrium (ALD): extending the biallelic r2 measure.
Article in Genetics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Uncovering genetic diversity and admixture of British Africans with HLA alleles inferred from whole genome sequencing.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
- High resolution class I HLA-A, -B, and -C diversity in Eastern and Southern African populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
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- Natural Selection on HLA-DPB1 Amino Acids Operates Primarily on DP Serologic Categories.Human immunology · 2024Article
- PyPop: a mature open-source software pipeline for population genomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- HLA allele-calling using multi-ancestry whole-exome sequencing from the UK Biobank identifies 129 novel associations in 11 autoimmune diseases.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Transethnic analysis of psoriasis susceptibility in South Asians and Europeans enhances fine-mapping in the MHC and genomewide.HGG advances · 2022Article
- HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Sex-Specific Causal Relations between Steroid Hormones and Obesity-A Mendelian Randomization Study.Metabolites · 2021Article
- High-resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in several unrelated populations determined by next generation sequencing: 17th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshop joint report.Human immunology · 2021Article
- How natural selection shapes genetic differentiation in the MHC region: A case study with Native Americans.Human immunology · 2021Article
- Malaria in Venezuela: changes in the complexity of infection reflects the increment in transmission intensity.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- High-Resolution HLA Typing of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 in Kinh Vietnamese by Using Next-Generation Sequencing.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Next-generation sequencing reveals new information about HLA allele and haplotype diversity in a large European American population.Human immunology · 2019Article
- HLA alleles and haplotypes observed in 263 US families.Human immunology · 2019Article
- Tools for building, analyzing and evaluating HLA haplotypes from families.Human immunology · 2019Review
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2 authors.
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Abstract
For multiallelic loci, standard measures of linkage disequilibrium provide an incomplete description of the correlation of variation at two loci, especially when there are different numbers of alleles at the two loci. We have developed a complementary pair of conditional asymmetric linkage disequilibrium (ALD) measures. Since these measures do not assume symmetry, they more accurately describe the correlation between two loci and can identify heterogeneity in genetic variation not captured by other symmetric measures. For biallelic loci the ALD are symmetric and equivalent to the correlation coefficient r. The ALD measures are particularly relevant for disease-association studies to identify cases in which an analysis can be stratified by one of more loci. A stratified analysis can aid in detecting primary disease-predisposing genes and additional disease genes in a genetic region. The ALD measures are also informative for detecting selection acting independently on loci in high linkage disequilibrium or on specific amino acids within genes. For SNP data, the ALD statistics provide a measure of linkage disequilibrium on the same scale for comparisons among SNPs, among SNPs and more polymorphic loci, among haplotype blocks of SNPs, and for fine mapping of disease genes. The ALD measures, combined with haplotype-specific homozygosity, will be increasingly useful as next-generation sequencing methods identify additional allelic variation throughout the genome.
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