ArticleRespiratory physiology & neurobiology2014
Influence of pharyngeal muscle activity on inspiratory negative effort dependence in the human upper airway.
Article in Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Phrenic nerve stimulation enhances upper airway patency during drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Ascending and Descending Pharyngeal Opening Pressures During Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy: Mechanistic Insights for Sleep Surgeons.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Current and novel treatment options for obstructive sleep apnoea.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Comparison of upper airway obstruction during zolpidem-induced sleep and propofol-induced sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2020Article
- Alterations in Serum Adropin, Adiponectin, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in OSAS.Canadian respiratory journal · 2020Article
- Review
- Retropalatal and retroglossal airway compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Respiratory physiology & neurobiology · 2018Article
- Article
- New Approaches to Diagnosing Sleep-Disordered Breathing.Sleep medicine clinics · 2016Review
- Upper Airway Collapsibility (Pcrit) and Pharyngeal Dilator Muscle Activity are Sleep Stage Dependent.Sleep · 2016Article
- Article
- Test of the Starling resistor model in the human upper airway during sleep.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The upper airway is often modeled as a Starling resistor, which predicts that flow is independent of inspiratory effort during flow limitation. However, while some obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients exhibit flat, Starling resistor-like flow limitation, others demonstrate considerable negative effort dependence (NED), defined as the percent reduction in flow from peak to mid-inspiration. We hypothesized that the variability in NED could be due to differences in phasic pharyngeal muscle activation between individuals. Therefore, we induced topical pharyngeal anesthesia to reduce phasic pharyngeal muscle activation to see if it increased NED. Twelve subjects aged 50±10 years with a BMI of 35±6 kg/m(2) and severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index=52±28 events/h) were studied. NED and phasic genioglossus muscle activity (EMG(GG)) of flow limited breaths were determined before and after pharyngeal anesthesia with lidocaine. Pharyngeal anesthesia led to a 33% reduction in EMG(GG) activity (p<0.001), but NED worsened only by 3.6±5.8% (p=0.056). In conclusion, phasic EMG(GG) had little effect on NED. This finding suggests that individual differences in phasic EMG(GG) activation do not likely explain the variability in NED found among OSA patients.
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