ArticleToxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA2014
Toxic effects of xylazine on endothelial cells in combination with cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine.
Article in Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xylazine abuse, the growing risk: A review of its effects, upsurge use and associated fatalities in the USA and Puerto Rico.Journal of forensic and legal medicine · 2024Review
- Collateral Damage: Neurological Correlates of Non-Fatal Overdose in the Era of Fentanyl-Xylazine.Neuroscience insights · 2024Article
- Article
- Xylazine as a drug of abuse and its effects on the generation of reactive species and DNA damage on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Journal of toxicology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The use of xylazine as a drug of abuse has emerged worldwide in the last 7 years, including Puerto Rico. Clinical findings reported that xylazine users present greater physiological deterioration, than heroin users. The aim of this study was to assess the xylazine toxicity on endothelial cells, as this is one of the first tissues impact upon administration. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture were treated with xylazine, cocaine, 6-monoacetylmorphine (heroin metabolite) and its combinations, at concentrations of 0.10-400 μM, for periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. IC50 were calculated and the Annexin V assay implemented to determine the cell death mechanism. Results indicated IC50 values at 24h as follow: xylazine 62 μM, cocaine 210 μM, 6-monoacetylmorphine 300 μM. When these drugs were combined the IC50 value was 57 μM. Annexin V results indicated cell death by an apoptosis mechanism in cells treated with xylazine or in combination. Results demonstrated that xylazine use inhibits the endothelial cell proliferation, at lower concentrations than cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine. These findings contribute to the understanding of the toxicity mechanisms induced by xylazine on endothelial cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.