ArticleCell reports2014
The strength of an Ig switch region is determined by its ability to drive R loop formation and its number of WGCW sites.
Article in Cell reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- BRIP1, a G-quadruplex DNA helicase, protects against AID-induced genomic instability by limiting R-loop accumulation.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- AID self-assembly and multistranded DNA binding drive synapsis in class switch recombination.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Nucleotide level mapping of uracils in murine heavy chain switch regions shows correlation between uracilation and positions of switch junctions created during class-switch recombination.NAR molecular medicine · 2025Article
- The hidden architects of the genome: a comprehensive review of R-loops.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- RNA 2'-O-methylation promotes persistent R-loop formation and AID-mediated IgH class switch recombination.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Spontaneous deamination of cytosine to uracil is biased to the non-transcribed DNA strand in yeast.DNA repair · 2023Article
- Diversity upon diversity: linking DNA double-strand break repair to blood cancer health disparities.Trends in cancer · 2022Review
- Transcriptional initiation of a small RNA, not R-loop stability, dictates the frequency of pilin antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Molecular microbiology · 2019Article
- Current insights into the mechanism of mammalian immunoglobulin class switch recombination.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2019Review
- Ribonuclease H1-targeted R-loops in surface antigen gene expression sites can direct trypanosome immune evasion.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- RNA Helicase DDX1 Converts RNA G-Quadruplex Structures into R-Loops to Promote IgH Class Switch Recombination.Molecular cell · 2018Article
- Strengths and Weaknesses of the Current Strategies to Map and Characterize R-Loops.Non-coding RNA · 2018Review
- RNA Exosome and Non-coding RNA-Coupled Mechanisms in AID-Mediated Genomic Alterations.Journal of molecular biology · 2017Review
- Review
- RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop) immunoprecipitation mapping: an analytical workflow to evaluate inherent biases.Genome research · 2017Article
- Mechanisms of human lymphoid chromosomal translocations.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2016Review
- RNA Polymerase Collision versus DNA Structural Distortion: Twists and Turns Can Cause Break Failure.Molecular cell · 2016Review
- AID hits the jackpot when missing the target.Current opinion in immunology · 2016Review
- Deciphering the importance of the palindromic architecture of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3' regulatory region.Nature communications · 2016Article
- GC skew defines distinct RNA polymerase pause sites in CpG island promoters.Genome research · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
R loops exist at the murine IgH switch regions and possibly other locations, but their functional importance is unclear. In biochemical systems, R loop initiation requires DNA sequence regions containing clusters of G nucleotides, but cellular studies have not been done. Here, we vary the G-clustering, total switch region length, and the number of target sites (WGCW sites for the activation-induced deaminase) at synthetic switch regions in a murine B cell line to determine the effect on class switch recombination (CSR). G-clusters increase CSR regardless of their immediate proximity to the WGCW sites. This increase is accompanied by an increase in R loop formation. CSR efficiency correlates better with the absolute number of WGCW sites in the switch region rather than the total switch region length or density of WGCW sites. Thus, the overall strength of the switch region depends on G-clusters, which initiate R loop formation, and on the number of WGCW sites.
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