ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Cytokine secretion from brain macrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus in vitro and treated with raltegravir.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicle-Liposome-Darunavir Formulation for the Treatment of HIV Neuropathogenesis.ACS applied nano materials · 2025Article
- Interactive effects of morphine and the HIV integrase inhibitor, cabotegravir, in male and female mice.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- The Impact of HIV on Early Brain Aging-A Pathophysiological (Re)View.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- An Integrative Approach to the Current Treatment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders and the Implementation of Leukemia Inhibitor Factor as a Mediator of Neurocognitive Preservation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Extracellular vesicles released from macrophages modulates interleukin-1β in astrocytic and neuronal cells.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Human microglial models to study HIV infection and neuropathogenesis: a literature overview and comparative analyses.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Review
- Review
- Altered expression of fractalkine in HIV-1-infected astrocytes and consequences for the virus-related neurotoxicity.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Article
- New Potential Axes of HIV Neuropathogenesis with Relevance to Biomarkers and Treatment.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
- HIV Tat-Mediated Induction of Monocyte Transmigration Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- The Causes and Long-Term Consequences of Viral Encephalitis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
- Functional impact of HIV-1 Tat on cells of the CNS and its role in HAND.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- The impact of substance abuse on HIV-mediated neuropathogenesis in the current ART era.Brain research · 2019Review
- Combined Medication of Antiretroviral Drugs Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, Emtricitabine, and Raltegravir Reduces Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation In Vivo and In Vitro.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2017Article
- Brief Report: CD14+ Enriched Peripheral Cells Secrete Cytokines Unique to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Review
- Blood Brain Barrier Impairment in HIV-Positive Naïve and Effectively Treated Patients: Immune Activation Versus Astrocytosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2017Article
- An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge?Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2017Review
- Neurotoxicity in the Post-HAART Era: Caution for the Antiretroviral Therapeutics.Neurotoxicity research · 2016Review
- Didehydro-cortistatin A inhibits HIV-1 Tat mediated neuroinflammation and prevents potentiation of cocaine reward in Tat transgenic mice.Current HIV research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntegrase inhibitors are a promising class of antiretroviral drugs to treat chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. During HIV infection, macrophages can extravasate from the blood to the brain, while producing chemotaxic proteins and cytokines, which have detrimental effects on central nervous system cells. The main goal of this study was to understand the effects of raltegravir (RAL) on human brain macrophage production of immune-mediators when infected with HIV, but did not compare with other antiretroviral agents.
methodsPro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12-p70, IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured simultaneously in tissue culture supernatants from primary brain derived macrophages, microglia. We tested the effects of RAL on markers of astrocytosis and neurite integrity in primary human neuroglial cultures.
resultsRAL administered at 20 nM effectively suppressed HIV infection in microglia over 9 days. Only IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were above the detection limit in the majority of samples and RAL significantly suppressed the rate of cytokine production in HIV-infected microglia. During RAL-alone, the rate of IL-8 secretion was higher.
conclusionsRAL did not affect neurite area but inhibited astrocyte growth in the neuroglial cultures. Exploring the effects of RAL on pro-inflammatory molecule production in brain macrophages may contribute to designing ARV neuroprotective strategies in chronic HIV infection.
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