ArticleJournal of athletic training
Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers.
Article in Journal of athletic training. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upper Extremity Return to Sport Functional Testing: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of gender and training years on the upper extremity dynamic balance function in adolescent swimmers.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Upper limb functional testing in athletes: A Delphi study.Shoulder & elbow · 2024Article
- Inter-limb differences in upper quarter mobility/stability are not associated with performance in competitive swimmers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Associations between upper quarter Y-balance test performance and sport-related injuries in adolescent handball players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Bodyblade™ Training in Athletes with Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2023Article
- Function, strength, and muscle activation of the shoulder complex in Crossfit practitioners with and without pain: a cross-sectional observational study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Observational
- Customizing Functional Rehabilitation and Return to Sport in the Female Overhead Athlete.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Upper Quarter Y Balance test performance: Normative values for healthy youth aged 10 to 17 years.PloS one · 2021Article
- Discriminative validity of the lower and upper quarter Y balance test performance: a comparison between healthy trained and untrained youth.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2020Article
- LOWER QUARTER- AND UPPER QUARTER Y BALANCE TESTS AS PREDICTORS OF RUNNING-RELATED INJURIES IN HIGH SCHOOL CROSS-COUNTRY RUNNERS.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2019Article
- Evaluation of Two Simple Functional Tests to Predict Attrition from Combat Service in Female Light Infantry Soldiers.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2018Article
- Correlation Between Upper Body Balance, Muscle Strength, and Power in Cricketers Belonging to Different Age Groups.Journal of chiropractic medicine · 2018Article
- Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit and Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2018Review
- The Effect of Fatigue on Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test Scores in Recreational Weightlifters: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2017Article
- Upper Quadrant Field Tests and Isokinetic Upper Limb Strength in Overhead Athletes.Journal of athletic training · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextUpper quarter injuries have a higher incidence in female swimmers; however, to date, there are few ways to assess the basic functional ability of this region. The upper quarter Y balance test (YBT-UQ) may assist in this process because it was developed to provide a fundamental assessment of dynamic upper quarter ability at the limit of stability.
objectiveTo examine how sex affects performance on the YBT-UQ in swimmers.
designCohort study. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsForty-three male and 54 female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I college swimmers were recruited preseason. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We measured YBT-UQ performance for the left and right limbs in the medial, inferolateral, and superolateral directions. The maximum score for each direction was normalized to upper extremity length. The average of the greatest normalized reach scores in each reach direction was used to develop a composite score (average distance in 3 directions/limb length [LL] × 100). To examine reach symmetry between sexes, the difference in centimeters between the left and right sides was calculated for each reach direction prior to normalization. Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent-samples t test (P < .05).
resultsAverage scores in the medial (women: 92.5 ± 7.4%LL, men: 100.0 ± 8.7%LL; P < .01) and inferolateral (women: 85.6 ± 10.3%LL, men: 89.8 ± 10.8%LL; P = .05) directions and composite score (women: 83.4 ± 8.3%LL, men: 88.3 ± 8.9%LL; P < .01) were higher in men than in women. No differences were observed for reach symmetry in any direction.
conclusionsPerformance on several YBT-UQ indices was worse for female than male collegiate swimmers. These results may have implications for the use of preseason and return-to-sport testing in swimmers as a measurement of upper quarter function and symmetry.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.