ArticlePloS one2014
Streptococcus pneumoniae in saliva of Dutch primary school children.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and diagnostic utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid: a systematic review.Biochemia medica · 2015Pooled it
- Review
- Digital PCR linkage analysis resolvesMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Article
- Storage stability of non-encapsulated pneumococci in saliva is dependent on null-capsule clade, with strains carryingMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- An abundance ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Fluorescent antibody-based detection and ultrastructural analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in human sputum.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Detection of Pneumococcal Carriage in Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The developing pig respiratory microbiome harbors strains antagonistic to common respiratory pathogens.mSystems · 2024Article
- A low-cost culture- and DNA extraction-free method for the molecular detection of pneumococcal carriage in saliva.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploring ex vivo biofilm dynamics: consequences of low ampicillin concentrations on the human oral microbiome.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Contact with young children is a major risk factor for pneumococcal colonization in older adults.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Assessing the use of minimally invasive self-sampling at home for long-term monitoring of the microbiota within UK families.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The potential of saliva as an accessible and sensitive sample type for the detection of respiratory pathogens and host immunity.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Review
- Saliva as an alternative sample type for detection of pneumococcal carriage in young children.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Association between nasopharyngeal colonization with multiple pneumococcal serotypes and total pneumococcal colonization density in young Peruvian children.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 incidence in secondary schools; the role of national and school-initiated COVID-19 measures.BMC public health · 2023Article
- High Levels of Detection of Nonpneumococcal Species of Streptococcus in Saliva from Adults in the United States.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Persistence of Pneumococcal Carriage among Older Adults in the Community despite COVID-19 Mitigation Measures.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While nasopharyngeal sampling is the gold standard for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, historically seen, saliva sampling also seems highly sensitive for pneumococcal detection. We investigated S. pneumoniae carriage in saliva from fifty schoolchildren by conventional and molecular methods. Saliva was first culture-enriched for pneumococci, after which, DNA was extracted from all bacterial growth and tested by quantitative-PCR (qPCR) for pneumococcus-specific genes lytA and piaA. Next, serotype composition of the samples was determined by serotype-specific qPCRs, conventional-PCRs (cPCR) and sequencing of cPCR amplicons. Although only 2 (4%) of 50 samples were positive by conventional diagnostic culture, 44 (88%) were positive for pneumococci by qPCR. In total, we detected the presence of at least 81 pneumococcal strains representing 20 serotypes in samples from 44 carriers with 23 carriers (52%) positive for multiple (up to 6) serotypes. The number of serotypes detected per sample correlated with pneumococcal abundance. This study shows that saliva could be used as a tool for future pneumococcal surveillance studies. Furthermore, high rates of pneumococcal carriage and co-carriage of multiple pneumococcal strains together with a large number of serotypes in circulation suggests a ubiquitous presence of S. pneumoniae in saliva of school-aged children. Our results also suggest that factors promoting pneumococcal carriage within individual hosts may weaken competitive interactions between S. pneumoniae strains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.