ArticleInternational journal of preventive medicine2014
Veterans and risk of heart disease in the United States: a cohort with 20 years of follow up.
Article in International journal of preventive medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Robotic surgery versus Laparoscopic surgery for anti-reflux and hiatal hernia surgery: a short-term outcomes and cost systematic literature review and meta-analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2024Pooled it
- A 20-week, randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of the Aging Well through Interaction and Scientific Education - Action Plan (AgeWISE-AP) program in older Veterans.BMC geriatrics · 2025Trial
- Social Determinants of Health, Depression, and Cardiovascular Health Among Veterans and Civilians: Insights From the 2013-2018 and 2021-2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Preventing chronic disease · 2026Article
- A Novel Approach to Manage Hypercholesterolemia: Veterans Affairs Lipid Optimization Reimagined Quality Improvement Program.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- LGBQ+ Veteran and Service Member Health and Health Care: A Scoping Review of Research from 1994 to 2023.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic insights into the co-occurring psychological symptoms and cardiovascular risks among military service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury: A LIMBIC-CENC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Hypertension Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Management for Post-9/11 US Veterans.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization Among Veterans: A Sex-Based Analysis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Effect of a 15-Week Whole Foods, Plant-Based Diet, Physical Activity, and Stress Management Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Population of US Veterans: A Retrospective Analysis.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Article
- Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, and Incidence of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Among Men and Women US Veterans.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Trends and sociodemographic disparities in the circulatory disease prevalence in the United States: An analysis of the National Health Interview Survey database (2019-2022).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Blood Pressure Control and Maintenance in U.S. Veterans: Roles of Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Deprivation.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Among Veterans by Gender Identity: A Cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to hypertension treatment among veterans: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Care in Women Veterans: An Updated Profile.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Post-below-knee amputation venous thromboembolism and mortality in United States veterans.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Doing More with Less: Predicting Primary Care Provider Effectiveness.The review of economics and statistics · 2025Article
- Evaluating Veterans' Preferences for Renal Denervation for Treatment of Difficult-to-Control Hypertension: A Single-Center Survey Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints.Clinical drug investigation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTHE AIM OF THE CURRENT STUDY WAS TWOFOLD: To investigate the effect of veteran status on risk of developing heart disease over a period of 20 years in the United States and to test if socio-economic characteristics, chronic conditions, health behaviors, body mass index (BMI) and depressive symptoms explain the association between veteran status and risk of heart disease.
methodsData came from the Health and Retirement Study, a 20 year national cohort from 1992 to 2012. The study enrolled a representative sample of Americans over the age of 50. We included 8,375 individuals who were older than 50 years at entry, did not have heart disease at baseline and provided data on heart disease over the next 20 years. Veteran status was considered to be the independent variable. Self-reported data on physician diagnosis of heart disease, which was measured on a biannual basis, was the outcome. Baseline socio-economic data (i.e. age, gender, race, marital status and education), chronic conditions (diabetes and hypertension), health behaviors (i.e. drinking, smoking, and exercise), BMI and depressive symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were entered into logistic regressions. Logistic regression was used for data analysis.
resultsVeterans were at higher risk of having a new onset of heart disease (unadjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.996, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.694-2.351), compared with non-veterans. Logistic regression confirmed the association between veteran status and heart disease (adjusted RR = 1.483, 95% CI = 1.176-1.871) after controlling for all covariates.
conclusionsVeterans may be at higher risk for heart disease over time and this link may be independent of baseline socio-economic characteristics, chronic medical conditions, health behaviors, BMI and depressive symptoms. Veterans may require more rigorous cardiovascular prevention programs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25013689PMC4085922W2144306226What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.