SynthesisJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2014
Training modalities in robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation in stroke: a framework for classification based on a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 121 papers, 20 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of a New Technology to Functional Recovery Upper Limb in Post Stroke Patients: a Randomized Controlled Study
The Effects on Hand Function With Robot-assisted Rehabilitation for Patients With Stroke
Effects of Wearable Sensor Based Virtual Reality Game on Upper Extremity Function for Patients With Stroke
Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation Applied to Post-stroke Hospitalized Patients -A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of 3D Printing Assistive Device on ADL Function in Patients With Nerve Injury
The Effect of 3D Printing Functional Splints on Hand Function for Patients With Stroke
Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 20 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of robot-assisted task-oriented training on upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with stroke: A systematic review.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- On the correlation between training modalities and recovery stages in poststroke robotic rehabilitation of the upper limb: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- The effectiveness of robotic therapy in reducing upper limb spasticity in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Vibrotactile stimulation for upper-limb neurorehabilitation and sensorimotor training: a systematic review of clinical and mechanistic evidence.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Technologies for the three-dimensional assessment and treatment of unilateral spatial neglect in individuals with stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Upper limb robotic rehabilitation following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating efficacy and the influence of device features and program parameters.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Industrial-grade collaborative robots for motor rehabilitation after stroke and spinal cord injury: a systematic narrative review.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Pooled it
- Standardized clinical assessments and advanced AI-driven instruments used to evaluate neurofunctional deficits, including within biomarker based framework, in Parkinson's disease - human intelligence made vs. AI models - systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Control strategies used in lower limb exoskeletons for gait rehabilitation after brain injury: a systematic review and analysis of clinical effectiveness.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Use of Robotic Devices for Gait Training in Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: Current State of the Art.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Robot-assisted distal training improves upper limb dexterity and function after stroke: a systematic review and meta-regression.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Using Surface Electromyography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Combined Use of EMG and EEG Techniques for Neuromotor Assessment in Rehabilitative Applications: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Pooled it
- Robot-Aided Systems for Improving the Assessment of Upper Limb Spasticity: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Pooled it
- Robot-Assisted Arm Training versus Therapist-Mediated Training after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2020Pooled it
- Occurrence and Type of Adverse Events During the Use of Stationary Gait Robots-A Systematic Literature Review.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2020Pooled it
- Home-based technologies for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review.International journal of medical informatics · 2019Pooled it
- The effects of error-augmentation versus error-reduction paradigms in robotic therapy to enhance upper extremity performance and recovery post-stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Robot-mediated post-stroke therapy for the upper-extremity dates back to the 1990s. Since then, a number of robotic devices have become commercially available. There is clear evidence that robotic interventions improve upper limb motor scores and strength, but these improvements are often not transferred to performance of activities of daily living. We wish to better understand why. Our systematic review of 74 papers focuses on the targeted stage of recovery, the part of the limb trained, the different modalities used, and the effectiveness of each. The review shows that most of the studies so far focus on training of the proximal arm for chronic stroke patients. About the training modalities, studies typically refer to active, active-assisted and passive interaction. Robot-therapy in active assisted mode was associated with consistent improvements in arm function. More specifically, the use of HRI features stressing active contribution by the patient, such as EMG-modulated forces or a pushing force in combination with spring-damper guidance, may be beneficial.Our work also highlights that current literature frequently lacks information regarding the mechanism about the physical human-robot interaction (HRI). It is often unclear how the different modalities are implemented by different research groups (using different robots and platforms). In order to have a better and more reliable evidence of usefulness for these technologies, it is recommended that the HRI is better described and documented so that work of various teams can be considered in the same group and categories, allowing to infer for more suitable approaches. We propose a framework for categorisation of HRI modalities and features that will allow comparing their therapeutic benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.