ArticleBritish dental journal2014
Halitosis: a new definition and classification.
Article in British dental journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Daily use of chlorine dioxide effectively treats halitosis: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Probiotic Treatment for Halitosis: Novel Insights into Glucose and Phosphorus Metabolism.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Probiotic Tablets in the Reduction of Halitosis: A Randomised, Single Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Trial
- Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2015Trial
- Prevalence and determinants of self-reported halitosis in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Trends and hotspots in global halitosis research: A bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2025.Medicine · 2025Article
- Short-term effects of oral dissolving film on halitosis and oral pathogenic bacteria: a pilot non-randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the Thai Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (T-HALT): an evaluation of psychometric properties.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- The Yin and Yang of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Use for Oral and Periodontal Health: A Literature Review.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2023Review
- Revisiting Oral Antiseptics, Microorganism Targets and Effectiveness.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Volatile sulfide compounds and oral microorganisms on the inner surface of masks in individuals with halitosis during COVID-19 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor Based on p-Type-like VNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Clinical Trial Evaluating Quality of Life in Patients with Intra-Oral Halitosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Halitosis as a symptom of gastroenterological diseases.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2022Review
- The Effect of Mechanical Tongue Cleaning on Oral Malodor and Tongue Coating.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- "Say Ahhh": Experience and Views on Halitosis Management in the General Public in Victoria, Australia.International dental journal · 2021Article
- Volatile sulphur compounds in people with chronic kidney disease and the impact on quality of life.Odontology · 2021Article
- Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The Prevalence and Determinant Factors of Oral Halitosis in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is no universally accepted, precise definition, nor standardisation in terminology and classification of halitosis.
objectiveTo propose a new definition, free from subjective descriptions (faecal, fish odour, etc), one-time sulphide detector readings and organoleptic estimation of odour levels, and excludes temporary exogenous odours (for example, from dietary sources). Some terms previously used in the literature are revised.
resultsA new aetiologic classification is proposed, dividing pathologic halitosis into Type 1 (oral), Type 2 (airway), Type 3 (gastroesophageal), Type 4 (blood-borne) and Type 5 (subjective). In reality, any halitosis complaint is potentially the sum of these types in any combination, superimposed on the Type 0 (physiologic odour) present in health.
conclusionThis system allows for multiple diagnoses in the same patient, reflecting the multifactorial nature of the complaint. It represents the most accurate model to understand halitosis and forms an efficient and logical basis for clinical management of the complaint.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25012349What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.