ArticleArthritis research & therapy2014
Interferon regulatory factor 5 genetic variants are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of interferon regulatory factors in atherosclerosis: from cell type-specific mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- From genetic variants to therapeutic targets: insights into understanding rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of interferon regulatory factors in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Accelerated Atherosclerosis, New Biomarkers, and the Effects of Biological Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Osteoprotegerin and MTHFR gene variations in rheumatoid arthritis: association with disease susceptibility and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Related Risk Factors and Treatment Management of Psoriatic Arthritis Complicated With Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- HLA-DRB1, IRF5, and CD28 gene polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis: susceptibility and disease activity.Genes and immunity · 2021Article
- Inhibition of IRF5 cellular activity with cell-penetrating peptides that target homodimerization.Science advances · 2020Article
- Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Promoters and Opponents.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2020Review
- The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 in Macrophage Inflammation During Osteoarthritis.Inflammation · 2019Article
- Association of MTMR3 rs12537 at miR-181a binding site with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus risk in Egyptian patients.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Gene expression analysis of vascular pathophysiology related to anti-TNF treatment in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2019Article
- Direct Inhibition of IRF-Dependent Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms Associated With Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Mechanisms of vascular comorbidity in autoimmune diseases.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2018Review
- Specific detection of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5): A case of antibody inequality.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Mangiferin inhibits macrophage classical activation via downregulating interferon regulatory factor 5 expression.Molecular medicine reports · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a regulator of type I interferon induction. Recently, researchers have described an association between multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the IRF5 gene and some rheumatic disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether three different haplotype blocks within the IRF5 locus which have been shown to alter the protein function are involved in the risk of CV events occurring in Spanish RA patients.
methodsThree IRF5 polymorphisms (rs2004640, rs2070197 and rs10954213) representative of each haplotype group were genotyped by performing TaqMan assays using a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System with tissue from a total of 2,137 Spanish patients diagnosed with RA. Among them, 390 (18.2%) had experienced CV events. The relationship of IRF5 genotypes and haplotypes to CV events was tested using Cox regression.
resultsMale sex, age at RA diagnosis and most traditional risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking habit) were associated with increased risk for CV events in the RA population. Interestingly, a protective effect of both IRF5 rs2004640 GG and IRF5 rs10954213 GG genotypes against the risk for CV events after adjusting the results for sex, age at RA diagnosis and traditional CV disease risk factors was observed (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38 to 0.92, P = 0.02; and HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.95, P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, we detected a protective effect of the GTG haplotype against the risk for CV events after adjusting the results for potential confounding factors (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.93, P = 0.012).
conclusionsOur results reveal that IRF5 gene variants are associated with risk of CV events in patients with RA.
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