Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25011444›Full record

ArticleDementia and geriatric cognitive disorders2014

Total cholesterol and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: the impact of total cholesterol level and gender.

James R Hall, April R Wiechmann, Leigh A Johnson, Melissa Edwards, Robert C Barber, Rebecca Cunningham, Meharvan Singh, Sid E O'Bryant

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Precision medicine for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Investigation of the Effects of Biochemical Parameters on Alzheimer's Disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

James R HallInstitute of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Tex., USA.
April R Wiechmann
Leigh A Johnson
Melissa Edwards
Robert C Barber
Rebecca Cunningham
Meharvan Singh
Sid E O'Bryant
University of North Texas · US

Funding

ROLE OF GLUTAMATE IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASEP30AG012300 · NIA · UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER · PI ROSENBERG, ROGER NEWMAN · 1994 to 2016
$26.6M
A Blood-Based Screening Tool for Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG039389 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR · PI O'BRYANT, SID E · 2012 to 2013
$608k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG012300NIA NIH HHS P30AG12300NIA NIH HHS R01 AG039389NIA NIH HHS R01AG039389
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a major factor in nursing home placement and a primary cause of stress for caregivers. Elevated cholesterol has been linked to psychiatric disorders and has been shown to be a risk factor for AD and to impact disease progression. The present study investigated the relationship between cholesterol and NPS in AD.

methodsData on cholesterol and NPS from 220 individuals (144 females, 76 males) with mild-to-moderate AD from the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC) cohort were analyzed. The total number of NPS and symptoms of hyperactivity, psychosis, affect and apathy were evaluated. Groups based on total cholesterol (TC; ≥200 vs. <200 mg/dl) were compared with regard to NPS. The impact of gender was also assessed.

resultsIndividuals with high TC had lower MMSE scores as well as significantly more NPS and more symptoms of psychosis. When stratified by gender, males with high TC had significantly more NPS than females with high TC or than males or females with low TC.

conclusionThe role of elevated cholesterol in the occurrence of NPS in AD appears to be gender and symptom specific. A cross-validation of these findings will have implications for possible treatment interventions, especially for males with high TC.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAlzheimer DiseaseCholesterolFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological TestsPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRisk FactorsSex FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesTexasCholesterol

Identifiers

PMID25011444
PMCPMC4201880
OpenAlexW2077065752

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.