ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2014
Height-for-age z scores increase despite increasing height deficits among children in 5 developing countries.
Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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50citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
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What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The decline of child stunting in 122 countries: a systematic review of child growth studies since the 19th century.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Linear growth beyond 24 months and child neurodevelopment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of Edible Cricket Enriched Complementary Porridge and Nutrition Education on Linear Growth of Children 6-14 Months in Siaya County, Kenya: A Randomized 2 × 2 Factorial Trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Trial
- Health impacts of a randomized biomass cookstove intervention in northern Ghana.BMC public health · 2021Trial
- Effectiveness of wheat soya blend supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on pregnancy outcomes and nutritional status of their infants at 6 months of age in Thatta and Sujawal districts of Sindh, Pakistan: a cluster randomized-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Micronutrient supplementation of lactating Guatemalan women acutely increases infants' intake of riboflavin, thiamin, pyridoxal, and cobalamin, but not niacin, in a randomized crossover trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Linear growth trajectories in Zimbabwean infants.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Small-quantity, lipid-based nutrient supplements provided to women during pregnancy and 6 mo postpartum and to their infants from 6 mo of age increase the mean attained length of 18-mo-old children in semi-urban Ghana: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Stunted at 10 Years. Linear Growth Trajectories and Stunting from Birth to Pre-Adolescence in a Rural Bangladeshi Cohort.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Determinants of Catch-up Growth in Early Childhood: A Longitudinal Study.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Nonlinear and sex-specific associations of maternal vitamin D in early- and mid-pregnancy with childhood growth trajectories from birth to 6 years of age: a prospective cohort study in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Determinants of height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) among Ethiopian children aged 0-59 months: a multilevel mixed-effects analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Evaluating preschool linear growth velocities: an interim reference illustrated in Nepal.Public health nutrition · 2023Article
- Utilization of growth monitoring and promotion services and undernutrition of children less than two years of age in Northern Ghana.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between asymptomatic infections and linear growth in 18-24-month-old Malawian children.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- Secular Growth Trends in Early Childhood-Evidence from Two Low-Income Birth Cohorts Recruited over a Decade in Vellore, India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Child growth and neurodevelopment after maternal antenatal antibiotic treatment.Archives of disease in childhood · 2022Article
- Review Nutritional interventions during adolescence and their possible effects.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Elizabeth A LundeenFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Aryeh D SteinFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Linda S AdairFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Jere R BehrmanFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Santosh K BhargavaFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Kirk A DeardenFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Denise GiganteFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Shane A NorrisFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Linda M RichterFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Caroline H D FallFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Reynaldo MartorellFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Harshpal Singh SachdevFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
Cesar G VictoraFrom Nutrition and Health Sciences program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (EAL), and Rollins School of Public Health, Hubert Department of Global Health (ADS and RM), Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LSA); Economics, Sociology and Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (JRB); Sunderlal Jain Hospital, New Delhi, India (SKB); the Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, and Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA (KAD); the Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (EAL, ADS, SAN, and LMR); Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (LMR); the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom (CHDF); Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India (HSS); and Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sol, Brazil (DG and CGV).
COHORTS Investigators
Funding
Research Services CoreP2CHD050924 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI KAREN B GUZZO · 2015 to 2026
$9.6MNutrition Sciences and HealthT32DK007734 · NIDDK · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RAMAKRISHNAN, USHA · 1997 to 2016
$2.5MGrowth recovery, schooling and cognitive achievement: Evidence from four cohortsR01HD070993 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BEHRMAN, JERE R · 2012 to 2015
$1.3MBritish Heart FoundationMedical Research Council G0400519Medical Research Council G1001333Medical Research Council MC_UP_A620_1016Medical Research Council MC_UU_12011/3NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD050924NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD070993NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK007734Wellcome Trust 082554Wellcome Trust 089257Wellcome Trust 089257/Z/09/Z
Abstract
backgroundGrowth failure remains a persistent challenge in many countries, and understanding child growth patterns is critical to the development of appropriate interventions and their evaluation. The interpretation of changes in mean height-for-age z scores (HAZs) over time to define catch-up growth has been a subject of debate. Most studies of child growth have been cross-sectional or have focused on children through age 5 y.
objectiveThe aim was to characterize patterns of linear growth among individuals followed from birth into adulthood.
designWe compared HAZs and difference in height (cm) from the WHO reference median at birth, 12 mo, 24 mo, mid-childhood, and adulthood for 5287 individuals from birth cohorts in Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa.
resultsMean HAZs were <0 at birth in the 3 cohorts with data and ranged from -0.6 (Brazil) to -2.9 (Guatemala) at age 24 mo. Between 24 mo and mid-childhood, HAZ values increased by 0.3-0.5 in South Africa, Guatemala, and the Philippines and were unchanged in Brazil and India. Between mid-childhood and adulthood, mean HAZs increased in all cohorts but remained <0 in adulthood [mean range: -0.3 (Brazil) to -1.8 (Guatemala and Philippines)]. However, from 24 mo to adulthood, height differences from the reference median became greater.
conclusionsFrom age 2 y to adulthood, mean HAZs increased, even though height deficits relative to the reference median also increased. These 2 metrics may result in different interpretations of the potential for and the impact of catch-up growth in height.
Indexed as
Body HeightChild DevelopmentUp-RegulationChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesDeveloping CountriesFemaleGrowth ChartsGrowth DisordersHealth SurveysHealth TransitionHumansIncidenceInfantInfant, Newborn
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