ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2014
Acid-induced membrane fusion by the hemagglutinin protein and its role in influenza virus biology.
Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- N-linked glycosylation sites with low occupancy support sustained circulation of the A(H3N2) influenza A virus in the human population.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Thienopyrroles as Group 2 Influenza A Entry Inhibitors.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Screen Identifies H1 Influenza Hemagglutinin Substitutions That Alter mRNA-LNP Vaccine Responses Against the Stalk Domain.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- New determinant of influenza hemagglutinin cleavability identified through random mutagenesis for acid-stabilizing mutations.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Filamentous morphology of influenza A virus confers enhanced stability in aerosols.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification of thermostability-enhancing mutations in H9N2 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Cryo-EM structure of the vaccinia virus entry fusion complex reveals a multicomponent fusion machinery.Science advances · 2026Article
- Resistance Mutations to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Destabilize Hemagglutinin and Attenuate H1N1 Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase multivalent vaccine elicits broader protective immune responses compared to vaccine formulations composed of hemagglutinin or neuraminidase.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 at acidic pH is driven by partial unfolding of spike.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans.Viruses · 2024Review
- Assessing pH-Dependent Conformational Changes in the Fusion Peptide Proximal Region of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.Viruses · 2024Article
- Molecular Markers and Mechanisms of Influenza A Virus Cross-Species Transmission and New Host Adaptation.Viruses · 2024Review
- ACE2 acts as a novel regulator of TMPRSS2-catalyzed proteolytic activation of influenza A virus in airway cells.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Existing Evidence for Influenza B Virus Adaptations to Drive Replication in Humans as the Primary Host.Viruses · 2023Review
- Inhibition of H1 and H5 Influenza A Virus Entry by Diverse Macrocyclic Peptides Targeting the Hemagglutinin Stem Region.ACS chemical biology · 2022Article
- Many Keys Unlock the Doors for Virus Entry.mBio · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Membrane fusion is not spontaneous. Therefore, enveloped viruses have evolved membrane-fusion mediating glycoproteins that, once activated, refold, and release energy that fuses viral and cellular membranes. The influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein is a prototypic structural class I viral fusion glycoprotein that, once primed by proteolytic cleavage, is activated by endosomal low pH to form a fusogenic "leash-in-grooves" hairpin structure. Low-pH induced HA protein refolding is an irreversible process, so acid exposure in the absence of a target membrane leads to virus inactivation. The HA proteins of diverse influenza virus subtypes isolated from a variety of species differ in their acid stabilities, or pH values at which irreversible HA protein conformational changes are triggered. Recently, efficient replication of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses such as H5N1 in avian species has been associated with a relatively high HA activation pH. In contrast, a decrease in H5N1 HA activation pH has been shown to enhance replication and airborne transmission in mammals. Mutations that alter the acid stabilities of H1 and H3 HA proteins have also been discovered that influence the amantadine susceptibilities, replication rates, and pathogenicities of human influenza viruses. An understanding of the role of HA acid stability in influenza virus biology is expected to aid in identifying emerging viruses with increased pandemic potential and assist in developing live attenuated virus vaccines. Acid-induced HA protein activation, which has provided a paradigm for protein-mediated membrane fusion, is now identified as a novel determinant of influenza virus biology.
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