ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2015
The skin immune atlas: three-dimensional analysis of cutaneous leukocyte subsets by multiphoton microscopy.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 2: Fluorescence andvibrational spectroscopic imaging methods.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Advancing preclinical research with reconstructed in vitro skin models mimicking non-healing wounds.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Skin Deep: Uncovering the Early Events of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.Viruses · 2026Review
- Intravital imaging of the formation and resolution of MHC class II-positive T-cell activation niches.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Best practices in mouse models of skin transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2026Review
- Three‑dimensional immune cartography uncovers subclinical remodeling in psoriasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Dynamic remodeling of skin microbiota during healthy homeostatic and wound repair conditions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Role of Fibroblast-Immune Crosstalk in Kidney, Lung, and Skin Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Human type 1 conventional dendritic cells contribute to skin transplant rejection.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- Modeling treatment of diabetic wounds with oxygen therapy and senolytic drug.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The AhR-Ovol1-Id1 regulatory axis in keratinocytes promotes epidermal and immune homeostasis in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Immunological control of skin development: from homeostasis to developmental pathologies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A noninvasive BCG skin challenge model for assessing tuberculosis vaccine efficacy.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Site-specific regulation of Th2 differentiation within lymph node microenvironments.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis of Macrophages from the Dermis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Preclinical evaluation of performance, safety and usability of VAX-ID®, a novel intradermal injection device.Vaccine · 2023Article
- Oral and Topical Probiotics and Postbiotics in Skincare and Dermatological Therapy: A Concise Review.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- MR1 deficiency enhances IL-17-mediated allergic contact dermatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Neutrophil breaching of the blood vessel pericyte layer during diapedesis requires mast cell-derived IL-17A.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Site-specific differences in skin response to pathogens and in the course of cutaneous inflammatory diseases are well appreciated. The composition and localization of cutaneous leukocytes has been studied extensively using histology and flow cytometry. However, the precise three-dimensional (3D) distribution of distinct immune cell subsets within skin at different body sites requires visualization of intact living skin. We used intravital multiphoton microscopy in transgenic reporter mice in combination with quantitative flow cytometry to generate a 3D immune cell atlas of mouse skin. The 3D location of innate and adaptive immune cells and site-specific differences in the densities of macrophages, T cells, and mast cells at four defined sites (ear, back, footpad, and tail) is presented. The combinatorial approach further demonstrates an as yet unreported age-dependent expansion of dermal gamma-delta T cells. Localization of dermal immune cells relative to anatomical structures was also determined. Although dendritic cells were dispersed homogeneously within the dermis, mast cells preferentially localized to the perivascular space. Finally, we show the functional relevance of site-specific mast cell disparities using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. These approaches are applicable to assessing immune cell variations and potential functional consequences in the setting of infection, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.