ReviewIndian journal of medical and paediatric oncology : official journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology2014
A review of the systemic adverse effects of areca nut or betel nut.
Review in Indian journal of medical and paediatric oncology : official journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of Arecae Semen compounds for patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- The association between betel quid use and oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders in Southeast Asian and Pacific regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE evidence profile.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Zebrafish as an alternative method for determining the embryo toxicity of plant products: a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Pooled it
- Betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2018Pooled it
- Evaluation of the anti-fibrotic effect of thymoquinone in the management of oral submucous fibrosis.Odontology · 2026Article
- Impact of vitamin D deficiency on hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Free Flap Failure in Head and Neck Reconstruction: A Retrospective Analysis From a Single Medical Center.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Oral cancer risk stratification: A cross-sectional population-based screening study in Northeast India.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- 3D Comparative Evaluation of Condylar Morphology Between Chronic Areca Nut Chewers and Nonchewers: Protocol for a Case-Control Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Understanding betel nut addiction: a review of harmful consequences, underlying neurobiology, and emerging intervention strategies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Scientific Mapping and Knowledge Evolution of Global Areca Research.International dental journal · 2026Review
- Betel-quid Use Is Associated with Depression.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- An evolutionary perspective on the use of betel nut and its effects on health outcomes.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Article
- Areca Nut Chewing as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Maternal Anemia, Prematurity and Fetal Low Birth Weight: A Cross Sectional Study in Teluk Wondama, West Papua.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Betel nut chewing and its implications for airway management: a single-centre survey of knowledge and experience.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Periodontitis presenting among betel quid users: A case series.Clinical advances in periodontics · 2025Article
- The key target and role of betel nut in oral squamous cell carcinoma.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Association Between Betel Nut Chewing and Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guam.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Haplotype-resolved genome reveals haplotypic variation and the biosynthesis of medicinal ingredients in Areca catechu L.Molecular horticulture · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Areca nut is widely consumed by all ages groups in many parts of the world, especially south-east Asia. The objective of this review is to systematically review and collate all the published data that are related to the systemic effects of areca nut. The literature search was performed by an electronic search of the Pubmed and Cochrane databases using keywords and included articles published till October 2012. We selected studies that covered the effect of areca nut on metabolism, and a total of 62 studies met the criteria. There is substantial evidence for carcinogenicity of areca nut in cancers of the mouth and esophagus. Areca nut affects almost all organs of the human body, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs. It causes or aggravates pre-existing conditions such as neuronal injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, asthma, central obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, etc. Areca nut affects the endocrine system, leading to hypothyroidism, prostate hyperplasia and infertility. It affects the immune system leading to suppression of T-cell activity and decreased release of cytokines. It has harmful effects on the fetus when used during pregnancy. Thus, areca nut is not a harmless substance as often perceived and proclaimed by the manufacturers of areca nut products such as Pan Masala, Supari Mix, Betel quid, etc. There is an urgent need to recognize areca nut as a harmful food substance by the policy makers and prohibit its glamorization as a mouth freshener. Strict laws are necessary to regulate the production of commercial preparations of areca nut.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.