ReviewCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology2015
Memory CD4 T cells in influenza.
Review in Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Trial
- H7N9 live attenuated influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Immune history confers antibody- and T cell-dependent cross-protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Re-shaping the immune response to influenza vaccination in a host with immune memory from influenza infection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of cellular immune responses to four seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines in younger and older adults.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Lung tissue-resident memory T cells optimize protection by IL-10 regulation of innate immunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle.Viruses · 2025Review
- Lung structural cells are altered by infeluenza virus leading to rapid immune protection following re-challenge.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Diversifying T-cell responses: safeguarding against pandemic influenza with mosaic nucleoprotein.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- A vaccine platform targeting lung-resident memory CD4Nature communications · 2024Article
- Similar humoral responses but distinct CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lung influenza virus-specific memory CD4 T cell location and optimal cytokine production are dependent on interactions with lung antigen-presenting cells.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Generation of antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells by heterologous immunization enhances the magnitude of the germinal center response upon influenza infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Specific CD4Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- A mosaic influenza virus-like particles vaccine provides broad humoral and cellular immune responses against influenza A viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among young children and the elderly. Current vaccines induce neutralizing antibody responses directed toward highly variable viral surface proteins, resulting in limited heterosubtypic protection to new viral serotypes. By contrast, memory CD4 T cells recognize conserved viral proteins and are cross-reactive to multiple influenza strains. In humans, virus-specific memory CD4 T cells were found to be the protective correlate in human influenza challenge studies, suggesting their key role in protective immunity. In mouse models, memory CD4 T cells can mediate protective responses to secondary influenza infection independent of B cells or CD8 T cells, and can influence innate immune responses. Importantly, a newly defined, tissue-resident CD4 memory population has been demonstrated to be retained in lung tissue and promote optimal protective responses to an influenza infection. Here, we review the current state of results regarding the generation of memory CD4 T cells following primary influenza infection, mechanisms for their enhanced efficacy in protection from secondary challenge including their phenotype, localization, and function in the context of both mouse models and human infection. We also discuss the generation of memory CD4 T cells in response to influenza vaccines and its future implications for vaccinology.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.