ArticleStem cell research & therapy2014
Tendon proper- and peritenon-derived progenitor cells have unique tenogenic properties.
Article in Stem cell research & therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatially distributed bFGF and VEGFA gene delivery to tendon and peritendinous tissues enhances early tendon healing.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Prolyl-Hydroxyproline Promotes Structural Matrix Organization in 3D Equine Tendon Proper and Peritenon Post-Injury Model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Beyond Tissue Origin: Rethinking Experimental Model Selection in Rotator Cuff Research.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Grafts in tendon repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- PI3K-Akt signalling regulates Scx-lineage tenocytes and Tppp3-lineage paratenon sheath cells in neonatal tendon regeneration.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exploring molecular and cellular signaling pathways: Unraveling the pathogenesis of tendinopathy.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Single-cell sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms in tendon and enthesis injury repair.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Regeneration process of severed rabbit common calcanean tendons influenced by external compression.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Article
- Limb connective tissue is organized in a continuum of promiscuous fibroblast identities during development.iScience · 2024Article
- Examining the Potential of Vitamin C Supplementation in Tissue-Engineered Equine Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon Constructs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Decoding the transcriptomic expression and genomic methylation patterns in the tendon proper and its peritenon region in the aging horse.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Bevacizumab promotes tenogenic differentiation and maturation of rat tendon-derived cells in vitro.PloS one · 2023Article
- Targeted conditional collagen XII deletion alters tendon function.Matrix biology plus · 2022Article
- Tenogenic Induction From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Unveils the Trajectory Towards Tenocyte Differentiation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Characterization of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells and Rescue Tendon Injury.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2021Review
- Development and maintenance of tendons and ligaments.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2021Review
- Human Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Features and Functionality Are Highly Influenced byFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Subpopulations and Their Implications in Tendon Biology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Basic Structure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix Collagens.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- A brief history of tendon and ligament bioreactors: Impact and future prospects.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMultipotent progenitor populations exist within the tendon proper and peritenon of the Achilles tendon. Progenitor populations derived from the tendon proper and peritenon are enriched with distinct cell types that are distinguished by expression of markers of tendon and vascular or pericyte origins, respectively. The objective of this study was to discern the unique tenogenic properties of tendon proper- and peritenon-derived progenitors within an in vitro model. We hypothesized that progenitors from each region contribute differently to tendon formation; thus, when incorporated into a regenerative model, progenitors from each region will respond uniquely. Moreover, we hypothesized that cell populations like progenitors were capable of stimulating tenogenic differentiation, so we generated conditioned media from these cell types to analyze their stimulatory potentials.
methodsIsolated progenitors were seeded within fibrinogen/thrombin gel-based constructs with or without supplementation with recombinant growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF5). Early and late in culture, gene expression of differentiation markers and matrix assembly genes was analyzed. Tendon construct ultrastructure was also compared after 45 days. Moreover, conditioned media from tendon proper-derived progenitors, peritenon-derived progenitors, or tenocytes was applied to each of the three cell types to determine paracrine stimulatory effects of the factors secreted from each of the respective cell types.
resultsThe cell orientation, extracellular domain and fibril organization of constructs were comparable to embryonic tendon. The tendon proper-derived progenitors produced a more tendon-like construct than the peritenon-derived progenitors. Seeded tendon proper-derived progenitors expressed greater levels of tenogenic markers and matrix assembly genes, relative to peritenon-derived progenitors. However, GDF5 supplementation improved expression of matrix assembly genes in peritenon progenitors and structurally led to increased mean fibril diameters. It also was found that peritenon-derived progenitors secrete factor(s) stimulatory to tenocytes and tendon proper progenitors.
conclusionsData demonstrate that, relative to peritenon-derived progenitors, tendon proper progenitors have greater potential for forming functional tendon-like tissue. Furthermore, factors secreted by peritenon-derived progenitors suggest a trophic role for this cell type as well. Thus, these findings highlight the synergistic potential of including these progenitor populations in restorative tendon engineering strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.