ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2014
Integrated phenotypes: understanding trait covariation in plants and animals.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A comparison of floral integration between selfing and outcrossing species: a meta-analysis.Annals of botany · 2016Pooled it
- Spectral network analysis illuminates coordinated plant traits across a climate gradient.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Network characteristics and driving factors of leaf trait networks along a gradient of rocky desertification.Plant diversity · 2026Article
- The Complex Interplay between Evolutionary Flexibility and Diversification in a Family of Spiders.Systematic biology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Adaptive Strategies ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cuticular microsculpturing: multispecies morphology of stridulatory structures in bark beetles of the genus Ips (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- Behavioral trait (co)variances and plasticity in response to turbidity in wild zebrafish (Danio rerio).Biology open · 2026Article
- Dynamic Morphospaces for Animal Locomotion: A Case Study in Bird Flight.Integrative and comparative biology · 2026Review
- Phylogenetic comparative methods for studying adaptation: the adaptation-inertia framework.Journal of evolutionary biology · 2026Review
- Exploring cooperation among social pathogens: a computational perspective.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Modularity and integration of the neural arch and vertebral centrum in primates.Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) · 2026Article
- Functional traits variation and adaptive strategies of epilithic bryophytes in degraded karst ecosystem.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Organ-specific and stage-dependent aboveground stoichiometric economics inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Impact of varying diurnal temperature ranges on regulation of multiple physiological traits of a drought-tolerant moss (Grimmia pilifera).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Effects of Ploidy on Relationship Between Outbreeding Response and Fitness in a Plant Selfing Species.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Computationally efficient methods for estimating phenome-wide coheritability of multi-type phenotypes using biobank data.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Floral Integration and Phenotypic Selection on Floral Traits ofEcology and evolution · 2025Article
- Unique genetic bases of repeated life-history divergence associated with high altitude adaptation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Functional trait response to aridity based on leaf trait network analysis in the Hexi Corridor, China.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Macroevolution along developmental lines of least resistance in fly wings.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Integration and modularity refer to the patterns and processes of trait interaction and independence. Both terms have complex histories with respect to both conceptualization and quantification, resulting in a plethora of integration indices in use. We review briefly the divergent definitions, uses and measures of integration and modularity and make conceptual links to allometry. We also discuss how integration and modularity might evolve. Although integration is generally thought to be generated and maintained by correlational selection, theoretical considerations suggest the relationship is not straightforward. We caution here against uncontrolled comparisons of indices across studies. In the absence of controls for trait number, dimensionality, homology, development and function, it is difficult, or even impossible, to compare integration indices across organisms or traits. We suggest that care be invested in relating measurement to underlying theory or hypotheses, and that summative, theory-free descriptors of integration generally be avoided. The papers that follow in this Theme Issue illustrate the diversity of approaches to studying integration and modularity, highlighting strengths and pitfalls that await researchers investigating integration in plants and animals.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.