ArticleJournal of bacteriology2014
A novel protein, RafX, is important for common cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for bacterial virulence.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: TheMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Transcriptional regulation of TacL-mediated lipoteichoic acids biosynthesis by ComE during competence impacts pneumococcal transformation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- MgaVirulence · 2021Article
- A switch in surface polymer biogenesis triggers growth-phase-dependent and antibiotic-induced bacteriolysis.eLife · 2019Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Leakage Caused byFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Pneumococcal LytR Protein Is Required for the Surface Attachment of Both Capsular Polysaccharide and Teichoic Acids: Essential for Pneumococcal Virulence.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Lipoteichoic acid deficiency permits normal growth but impairs virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Nature communications · 2017Article
- High-throughput CRISPRi phenotyping identifies new essential genes inMolecular systems biology · 2017Article
- Pneumococcal wall teichoic acid is required for the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in murine models.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Teichoic acid (TA), together with peptidoglycan (PG), represents a highly complex glycopolymer that ensures cell wall integrity and has several crucial physiological activities. Through an insertion-deletion mutation strategy, we show that ΔrafX mutants are impaired in cell wall covalently attached TA (WTA)-PG biosynthesis, as evidenced by their abnormal banding patterns and reduced amounts of WTA in comparison with wild-type strains. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed an essential role for external loop 4 and some highly conserved amino acid residues in the function of RafX protein. The rafX gene was highly conserved in closely related streptococcal species, suggesting an important physiological function in the lifestyle of streptococci. Moreover, a strain D39 ΔrafX mutant was impaired in bacterial growth, autolysis, bacterial division, and morphology. We observed that a strain R6 ΔrafX mutant was reduced in adhesion relative to the wild-type R6 strain, which was supported by an inhibition assay and a reduced amount of CbpA protein on the ΔrafX mutant bacterial cell surface, as shown by flow cytometric analysis. Finally, ΔrafX mutants were significantly attenuated in virulence in a murine sepsis model. Together, these findings suggest that RafX contributes to the biosynthesis of WTA, which is essential for full pneumococcal virulence.
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