Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25002297›Full record

Trial reportThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2014

Importance of including borderline cases in trachoma grader certification.

Bruce D Gaynor, Abdou Amza, Sintayehu Gebresailassie, Boubacar Kadri, Baido Nassirou, Nicole E Stoller, Sun N Yu, Puja A Cuddapah, Jeremy D Keenan, Thomas M Lietman

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Antibiotics for trachoma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Identifying Borderline Trachoma Grades Using a Three-Latent Class Model.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bruce D GaynorF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia bruce.gaynor@ucsf.edu.
Abdou AmzaF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sintayehu GebresailassieF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Boubacar KadriF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Baido NassirouF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Nicole E StollerF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Sun N YuF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Puja A CuddapahF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Jeremy D KeenanF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Thomas M LietmanF. I. Proctor Foundation, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California; Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cecité Niamey, Niger; The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
University of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Clinical and Transtional Science InstituteKL2TR000143 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GRANDIS, JENNIFER RUBIN · 2012 to 2015
$11.9M
TANA IIU10EY016214 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LIETMAN, THOMAS M · 2004 to 2013
$4.4M
Primary and Secondary Effects of Mass Antibiotic Distributions for TrachomaK23EY019881 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GAYNOR, BRUCE D. · 2010 to 2014
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR000143NEI NIH HHS K23 EY019881NEI NIH HHS K23 EY019881-01NEI NIH HHS U10 EY016214
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We assessed trachoma grading agreement among field graders using photographs that included the complete spectrum of disease and compared it with cases where there was consensus among experienced graders. Trained photographers took photographs of children's conjunctiva during a clinical trial in Ethiopia. We calculated κ-agreement statistics using a complete set of 60 cases and then recalculated the κ using a consensus set where cases were limited to those cases with agreement among experienced graders. When the complete set of 60 cases was used, agreement was moderate (κ = 0.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.56-0.67). When the consensus set was used, agreement improved significantly (κ = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.68-0.80). The κ of the consensus set was higher than the complete set by 0.14 (95% CI = 0.12-0.16) (P < 0.001). If testing sets remove difficult-to-grade cases, agreement in trachoma grading may be higher than actually seen in population-based trachoma surveys.

Indexed as

CertificationChild, PreschoolEthiopiaHumansInfantObserver VariationPhotographyReproducibility of ResultsTrachoma

Identifiers

PMID25002297
PMCPMC4155563
OpenAlexW2091469896

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.