Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25001987›Full record

ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2014

The risk of major and any (non-hip) fragility fracture after hip fracture in the United Kingdom: 2000-2010.

D Gibson-Smith, C Klop, P J M Elders, P M J Welsing, N van Schoor, H G M Leufkens, N C Harvey, T P van Staa, F de Vries

Abstract read
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Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Younger people with rheumatoid arthritis are at increased risk of fracture even before age 50 years: a population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021
    Observational
  10. Article
  11. The risk of new fragility fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease and hip fracture-a population-based cohort study in the UK.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Risk of subsequent fracture after prior fracture among older women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019
    Article
  14. Incidence of subsequent fractures in the UK between 1990 and 2012 among individuals 50 years or older.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
    Observational
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Anti-Osteoporosis Medication Prescriptions and Incidence of Subsequent Fracture Among Primary Hip Fracture Patients in England and Wales: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016
    Article
  18. Long-term persistence with anti-osteoporosis drugs after fracture.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

D Gibson-SmithUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
C Klop
P J M Elders
P M J Welsing
N van Schoor
H G M Leufkens
N C Harvey
T P van Staa
F de Vries
Utrecht University · NLAmsterdam UMC Location VUmc · NLEMGO Institute for Health and Care Research · NLMRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit · GBUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_PC_13042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

unlabelledThe risk of a subsequent major or any fracture after a hip fracture and secular trends herein were examined. Within 1 year, 2.7 and 8.4% of patients sustained a major or any (non-hip) fracture, which increased to 14.7 and 32.5% after 5 years. Subsequent fracture rates increased during the study period both for major and any (non-hip) fracture.

introductionHip fractures are associated with subsequent fractures, particularly in the year following initial fracture. Age-adjusted hip fracture rates have stabilised in many developed countries, but secular trends in subsequent fracture remain poorly documented. We thus evaluated secular trends (2000-2010) and determinants for the risk of a subsequent major (humerus, vertebral, or forearm) and any (non-hip) fracture after hip fracture.

methodsPatients ≥50 years with a hip fracture between 2000 and 2010 were extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (n = 30,516). Incidence rates, cumulative incidence probabilities, and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated.

resultsWithin 1 year following hip fracture, 2.7 and 8.4% of patients sustained a major or any (non-hip) fracture, which increased to 14.7 and 32.5% after 5 years, respectively. The most important risk factors for a subsequent major fracture within 1 year were the female gender [aHR 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-2.40] and a history of secondary osteoporosis (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.17-2.02). The annual risk increased during the study period for both subsequent major (2009-2010 vs. 2000-2002: aHR 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.83) and any (non-hip) facture (2009-2010 vs. 2000-2002: aHR 1.80, 95% CI 1.58-2.06).

conclusionThe risk of sustaining a major or any (non-hip) fracture after hip fracture is small in the first year. However, given the recent rise in secondary fracture rates and the substantial risk of subsequent fracture in the longer term, fracture prevention is clearly indicated for patients who have sustained a hip fracture.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAge DistributionComorbidityFemaleHip FracturesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedOsteoporosisOsteoporotic FracturesRecurrenceRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex Distribution

Identifiers

PMID25001987
OpenAlexW2103185679

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.