ReviewThe journal of spinal cord medicine2015
The effects of electrical stimulation on body composition and metabolic profile after spinal cord injury--Part II.
Review in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Electrically Induced Cycling and Nutritional Counseling for Counteracting Obesity After SCI
University of Mosul, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences & University of Sfax, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education at Sfax
The Effects of a Hybrid HIIT-FES Cycling Program on Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury to Improve Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Passive Leg Cycling in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2019Pooled it
- Management of obesity after spinal cord injury: a systematic review.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Neuromuscular electrical stimulation resistance training enhances oxygen uptake and ventilatory efficiency independent of mitochondrial complexes after spinal cord injury: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Energy Expenditure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Body Composition Following Arm Cycling or Functional Electrical Stimulation Exercises in Spinal Cord Injury: A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Arm crank ergometry improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and community mobility independent of body composition in high motor complete spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2019Trial
- A high-protein diet or combination exercise training to improve metabolic health in individuals with long-standing spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized study.Physiological reports · 2018Trial
- Longitudinal changes in body composition and metabolic profile between exercise clinical trials in men with chronic spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2016Trial
- Exercise and Autonomic Cardiovascular Function-Insights From Spinal Cord-Injured Humans: A Narrative Review.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Strategies to mitigate muscle mass loss in individuals with spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Review
- Consumer views of functional electrical stimulation and robotic exoskeleton in SCI rehabilitation: A mini review.Artificial organs · 2025Review
- Modeling and control of functional electrical stimulation cycling training system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Effect of Lower Limb Combined Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Inflammatory Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Electrical Stimulation Exercise for People with Spinal Cord Injury: A Healthcare Provider Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- A data-driven approach to categorize patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: cluster analysis of a multicentre database.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- A Novel Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Cycling Controller Using Reinforcement Learning to Optimize Online Muscle Activation Pattern.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of walking training on risk markers of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2022Article
- The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiometabolic Risk and Cardiometabolic Syndrome after Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Benefits and interval training in individuals with spinal cord injury: A thematic review.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Diet and exercise are cornerstones in the management of obesity and associated metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and disturbances in the lipid profile. However, the role of exercise in managing body composition adaptations and metabolic disorders after spinal cord injury (SCI) is not well established. The current review summarizes evidence about the efficacy of using neuromuscular electrical stimulation or functional electrical stimulation in exercising the paralytic lower extremities to improve body composition and metabolic profile after SCI. There are a number of trials that investigated the effects on muscle cross-sectional area, fat-free mass, and glucose/lipid metabolism. The duration of the intervention in these trials varied from 6 weeks to 24 months. Training frequency ranged from 2 to 5 days/week. Most studies documented significant increases in muscle size but no noticeable changes in adipose tissue. While increases in skeletal muscle size after twice weekly training were greater than those trials that used 3 or 5 days/week, other factors such as differences in the training mode, i.e. resistance versus cycling exercise and pattern of muscle activation may be responsible for this observation. Loading to evoke muscle hypertrophy is a key component in neuromuscular training after SCI. The overall effects on lean mass were modest and did not exceed 10% and the effects of training on trunk or pelvic muscles remain unestablished. Most studies reported improvement in glucose metabolism with the enhancement of insulin sensitivity being the major factor following training. The effect on lipid profile is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.