ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2014
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infant stress response: test of a prenatal programming hypothesis.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: candidate gene and epigenome-wide approaches.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal tobacco use and the risk of mood disorders in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Pooled it
- Infant neurobehavioural consequences of prenatal cigarette exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review investigating prenatal cannabis and tobacco co-exposure: Impacts on neonatal, behavioral, cognitive and physiological outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- Long-Term Effect of Early-Life Arsenic Exposure on Morning Plasma Cortisol in Adults from Antofagasta, Chile.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- From trauma to depression: structural, synaptic, epigenetic, and molecular pathways linking early stress to lifelong vulnerability.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Associated With Human Prenatal Tobacco and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Protocol for a Systematic Evidence Map.Public health reviews · 2025Review
- Associations of prenatal and childhood Pb exposure with allostatic load in adolescence: Findings from the ELEMENT cohort study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- NeonatalToxics · 2023Article
- Prenatal Maternal Smoke, DNA Methylation, and Multi-omics of Tissues and Child Health.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- The stress-vulnerability model on the path to schizophrenia: Interaction between BDNF methylation and schizotypy on the resting-state brain network.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- Elevated methylation of the vault RNA2-1 promoter in maternal blood is associated with preterm birth.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- High Rates of Menthol Cigarette Use Among Pregnant Smokers: Preliminary Findings and Call for Future Research.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Prenatal Tobacco and Cannabis Exposure: Associations with Cortisol Reactivity in Early School Age Children.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2020Article
- Nicotine Suppresses the Invasiveness of Human Trophoblasts by Downregulation of CXCL12 Expression through the Alpha-7 Subunit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2020Article
- Epigenetics Underlying Susceptibility and Resilience Relating to Daily Life Stress, Work Stress, and Socioeconomic Status.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Does early maternal responsiveness buffer prenatal tobacco exposure effects on young children's behavioral disinhibition?Development and psychopathology · 2019Article
- Maternal witness to intimate partner violence during childhood and prenatal family functioning alter newborn cortisol reactivity.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- NeonatalFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is associated with early and long-term neurobehavioral deficits; however mechanisms remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that MSDP programs the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis of the offspring leading to adverse outcomes. In an intensive, prospective study, we investigated associations between MSDP and infant cortisol stress response and explored whether alterations in cortisol response were mediated by epigenetic modulation of the placental glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1).
methodsParticipants were 100 healthy mother-infant pairs (53% MSDP-exposed; 42% female) from a low income, racially/ethnically diverse sample (55% minorities). MSDP was assessed by timeline followback interview verified by saliva and meconium cotinine. Infant cortisol responses to a neurobehavioral exam were assessed seven times over the first postnatal month. Methylation of placental NR3C1 promoter exon 1F was assessed using bisulfite pyrosequencing in a subsample (n=45).
resultsMSDP-exposed infants showed significantly and persistently attenuated basal and reactive cortisol levels over the first postnatal month vs. unexposed infants. Exploratory analyses revealed that MSDP was associated with altered methylation of the placental NR3C1 promoter; degree of methylation of the placental NR3C1 was associated with infant basal and reactive cortisol over the first postnatal month and mediated effects of MSDP on infant basal cortisol.
conclusionsResults provide initial support for our hypothesis that MSDP programs offspring HPA (dys)regulation. Epigenetic regulation of placental GR may serve as a novel underlying mechanism. Results may have implications for delineating pathways to adverse outcomes from MSDP.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.